Compositions, systems, and methods for treating a substrate

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a pretreatment composition comprising a lanthanide series metal; an oxidizing agent; and a fluorometallic acid, an organophosphate compound, an organophosphonate compound, or combinations thereof. Also disclosed is a pretreatment composition comprising a lanthanide series metal; a carboxylic acid; and an oxidizing agent in an amount of no more than 70 ppm based on total weight of the pretreatment composition. Also disclosed is a system for treating a substrate comprising a cleaning composition and one of the pretreatment compositions disclosed herein. Also disclosed are methods of treating a substrate comprising contacting at least a portion of the substrate with one of the pretreatment compositions disclosed herein. Also disclosed are substrates comprising a surface having a film on at least a portion thereof, wherein the film is formed from one of the pretreatment compositions disclosed herein. Also disclosed are substrates treated with any of the systems or methods described herein.

1 . A pretreatment composition comprising:
 a lanthanide series metal;   an oxidizing agent; and   a fluorometallic acid, an organophosphate compound, an organophosphonate compound, or combinations thereof.   
     
     
         2 . (canceled) 
     
     
         3 . The pretreatment composition of claim  2 , wherein the pretreatment composition comprises 25 ppm to 13,000 ppm of the oxidizing agent based on total weight of the pretreatment composition. 
     
     
         4 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fluorometallic acid comprises a Group IIIA metal, a Group IVA metal, a Group IVB metal and/or a Group VIII metal. 
     
     
         5 . (canceled) 
     
     
         6 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 4 , wherein the pretreatment composition comprises:
 (a) 10 ppm to 1,500 ppm of the Group IIIA metal based on total weight of the pretreatment composition;   (b) 10 ppm to 1,500 ppm of the Group IA metal based on total weight of the pretreatment composition;   (c) 40 ppm to 5,000 ppm of the Group IVB metal based on total weight of the pretreatment composition; and/or   (d) 100 ppm to 3,000 ppm of the Group VIII metal based on total weight of the pretreatment composition.   
     
     
         7 - 12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fluorometallic acid comprises a mole ratio of fluoride to metal of greater than 4. 
     
     
         14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 1 , wherein:
 (a) the organophosphate compound comprises a phosphatized epoxy;   (b) the organophosphonate comprises an organophosphonic acid comprising at least one group of the structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  comprises an alkyl, an aryl, an alkoxide, an ester, and/or an ether, and/or an organophosphoric acid; and/or 
         (c) the organophosphonate compound comprises an organophosphoric acid or an organophosphonic acid comprising the structure: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 2  comprises an alkyl, an aryl, an alkoxide, an ester and/or an ether and R 3  comprises a hydrogen, an alkyl, an aryl, an alkoxide, an ester, an ether, and/or an epoxy. 
       
     
     
         16 - 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a non-fluoride halide, and/or a compound comprising a Group IVB metal other than the fluorometallic acid. 
     
     
         22 - 24 . (canceled) 
     
     
         25 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 1 , wherein the pretreatment composition comprises a solids content of 1.25 percent to 25 percent by weight based on total weight of the pretreatment composition and/or the pretreatment composition comprises a pH of 1 to 7. 
     
     
         26 - 28 . (canceled) 
     
     
         29 . A pretreatment composition comprising:
 a lanthanide series metal; and   a carboxylic acid,   wherein the pretreatment composition comprises no more than 70 ppm of an oxidizing agent based on total weight of the pretreatment composition.   
     
     
         30 . (canceled) 
     
     
         31 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 29 , wherein the carboxylic acid comprises fewer than three carboxyl groups per molecule. 
     
     
         32 - 33 . (canceled) 
     
     
         34 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 29 , wherein the pretreatment composition comprises 100 ppm to 50,000 ppm of the carboxylic acid based on total weight of the pretreatment composition, and/or the pretreatment composition comprises 50 ppm to 25,000 ppm of the lanthanide series metal based on total weight of the pretreatment composition. 
     
     
         35 - 38 . (canceled) 
     
     
         39 . The pretreatment composition of  claim 29 , wherein the pretreatment composition comprises a pH of 1 to 7. 
     
     
         40 . (canceled) 
     
     
         41 . A system for treating a substrate comprising:
 a cleaning composition; and   the pretreatment composition of  claim 1 .   
     
     
         42 . The system of  claim 41 , wherein the cleaner composition comprises an alkaline pH. 
     
     
         43 . (canceled) 
     
     
         44 . The system of  claim 41 , wherein the system excludes any composition comprising a deoxidizing agent other than the pretreatment composition. 
     
     
         45 - 46 . (canceled) 
     
     
         47 . A method of treating a substrate comprising:
 contacting at least a portion of the substrate with the pretreatment composition of  claim 1 .   
     
     
         48 . (canceled) 
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 47 , wherein the method excludes deoxidizing the substrate other than the contacting with the pretreatment composition. 
     
     
         50 - 53 . (canceled) 
     
     
         54 . A substrate comprising a surface having a film on at least a portion thereof, wherein the film is formed from the pretreatment composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         55 - 58 . (canceled) 
     
     
         59 . The substrate of  claim 54 , wherein the substrate comprises a vehicle, a part, an article, a heat exchanger, an appliance, a personal electronic device, a multi-metal article, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         60 - 62 . (canceled) 
     
     
         63 . A system for treating a substrate comprising:
 a cleaning composition; and   the pretreatment composition of  claim 29 .