Degradable moisture absorbing and quick drying microporous composite fiber, preparation method therefor and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber, preparation method therefor and application thereof, which belong to the field of preparation and application of functional textiles. The degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber is prepared by a method comprising: performing blending and composite spinning on polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polyvinyl alcohol to form a composite fiber with sheath-core configuration; and then post-finishing the composite fiber with sheath-core configuration, so that the polyvinyl alcohol is partially removed and a surface microporous structure is formed to obtain the degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber. The application develops a degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous fiber (yarn), fabric and garment through a series of technological processes such as selecting degradable raw materials, spinning, post-finishing and the like, which is beneficial to meet the environmental protection requirements and functional requirements of consumers for sports shoes and clothing.

1 . A method for preparing a degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber, comprising:
 performing blending and composite spinning on polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polyvinyl alcohol to form a composite fiber with sheath-core configuration; and then post-finishing the composite fiber with sheath-core configuration, so that the polyvinyl alcohol is partially removed and a surface microporous structure is formed to obtain the degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the polybutylene adipate terephthalate has a melting point of 120° C. to 150° C. and a weight average molecular weight of 120,000 to 150,000. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol has a polymerization degree of 300 to 500 and an alcoholysis degree of 90% to 95%. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of the sheath to the core in the sheath-core configuration is 1:9 to 3:7. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the following steps:
 mixing slices of polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polyvinyl alcohol, and then performing melting and granulating to obtain blended particles; a mass ratio of the slices of polybutylene adipate terephthalate to the polyvinyl alcohol is 100 to 110:10 to 20;   melting the blended particles to form a spinning melt of the sheath, using a melt of polybutylene adipate terephthalate as a spinning melt of the core, and performing spinning through a sheath-core composite spinning assembly to obtain the composite fiber with sheath-core configuration;   washing the composite fiber with sheath-core configuration with hot water at 70° C. to 100° C., and drying to obtain the degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber; or weaving the composite fiber with sheath-core configuration into a fabric, then washing with hot water at 70° C. to 100° C., and drying to obtain the degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber.   
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 5 , wherein in the spinning process, a sheath-spinning temperature is 190° C. to 210° C. and a core-spinning temperature is 200° C. to 210° C. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 6 , wherein the washing with hot water at 70° C. to 100° C. comprises: firstly performing a first hot water washing at 90° C. to 100° C. using hot water containing sodium carbonate and holding the temperature for 20 min to 30 min, then performing a second hot water washing at 70° C. to 80° C. using hot water containing glacial acetic acid;
 after the second hot water washing, the method further comprises washing with cold water and drying to obtain the degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber. 
 
     
     
         8 . A degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber, which is prepared by the method according to  claim 1 , and has sheath-core configuration and a fiber fineness of 50 D to 75 D. 
     
     
         9 . A fabric formed by weaving the degradable moisture-absorbing and quick-drying microporous composite fiber according to  claim 8 . 
     
     
         10 . A garment comprising the fabric according to  claim 9 .