Anode material and battery

Abstract

An anode material and a battery provided. The anode material includes a carbon matrix and a silicon material. The anode material, tested by Raman spectroscopy, has a first characteristic peak at 520±10 cm−1 with a peak intensity of IA; a second characteristic peak at 960±10 cm−1 with a peak intensity of IB; and a third characteristic peak at 480±10 cm−1 with a peak intensity of IC, where IA, IB and IC have a relationship of 0.3≤IA/(IB+IC)≤0.6. The anode material provided has high initial Coulombic efficiency, high reversible capacity, and high expansion resistance.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An anode material, comprising a carbon matrix and a silicon material; or a non-carbon matrix and a silicon material; and
 wherein the anode material, tested by Raman spectroscopy, has a first characteristic peak at 520±10 cm −1  with a peak intensity of I A ; a second characteristic peak at 960±10 cm −1  with a peak intensity of I B ; and a third characteristic peak at 480±10 cm −1  with a peak intensity of I C , wherein I A , I B  and I C  have a relationship of 0.3≤I A /(I B +I C )≤0.6.   
     
     
         2 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the anode material, tested by Raman spectroscopy, has a characteristic peak D at 1350±10 cm −1  with a peak intensity of I D ; and a characteristic peak G at 1580±10 cm −1  with a peak intensity of I G , wherein 1≤I D /I G ≤3.5. 
     
     
         3 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the anode material and an anode material removed the silicon material are tested by an N 2  adsorption-desorption method, the anode material has a ratio A of a nitrogen volume adsorbed under 90% nitrogen partial pressure and a nitrogen volume adsorbed under 10% nitrogen partial pressure, wherein 1.3≤A≤2.5; and
 the anode material removed the silicon material has a ratio B of a nitrogen volume adsorbed under 90% nitrogen partial pressure and a nitrogen volume adsorbed under 10% nitrogen partial pressure, wherein 1≤B≤1.9, and A/B>1. 
 
     
     
         4 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the anode material satisfies at least one of the following:
 (1) an anode material removed the silicon material has a total pore volume of Q 0  cm 3 /g, and the anode material has a total pore volume of Q 1  cm 3 /g, wherein 0.1≤Q 0 −Q 1 ≤2.0;   (2) an anode material removed the silicon material has a total pore volume of Q 0  cm 3 /g, wherein 0.2≤Q 0 ≤2.0; and   (3) the anode material has a total pore volume of Q 1  cm 3 /g, wherein 0.001≤Q 1 ≤0.1.   
     
     
         5 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein an anode material removed the silicon material satisfies at least one of following:
 (1) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of hydrogen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %;   (2) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of oxygen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %; and   (3) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of nitrogen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %.   
     
     
         6 . The anode material of  claim 2 , wherein an anode material removed the silicon material satisfies at least one of following:
 (1) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of hydrogen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %;   (2) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of oxygen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %; and   (3) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of nitrogen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %.   
     
     
         7 . The anode material of  claim 3 , wherein an anode material removed the silicon material satisfies at least one of following:
 (1) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of hydrogen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %;   (2) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of oxygen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %; and   (3) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of nitrogen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %.   
     
     
         8 . The anode material of  claim 4 , wherein an anode material removed the silicon material satisfies at least one of following:
 (1) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of hydrogen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %;   (2) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of oxygen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %; and   (3) the anode material removed the silicon material has a mass content of nitrogen element accounting for 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %.   
     
     
         9 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein an anode material removed the silicon material has a pore, and a pore with a pore size of 5 nm or less account for a volume proportion of ≥90% of all the pores. 
     
     
         10 . The anode material of  claim 1 , further comprising an active particle, wherein the active particle comprises at least one of Li, Na, K, Sn, Ge, Fe, Mg, Ti, Zn, Al, P, and Cu. 
     
     
         11 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the silicon material satisfies at least one of the following:
 (1) the silicon material comprises at least one of amorphous silicon, crystalline silicon, silicon oxide, silicon alloy, and a composite of crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon;   (2) the silicon material comprises amorphous silicon; and   (3) the silicon material has an average particle size of 1 nm to 100 nm.   
     
     
         12 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the anode material satisfies at least one of the following:
 (1) the anode material has a mass proportion of oxygen element accounting for ≤5 wt %;   (2) the anode material has a mass proportion of carbon element accounting for 40 wt % to 60 wt %; and   (3) the anode material has a mass proportion of silicon element accounting for 40 wt % to 60 wt %.   
     
     
         13 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the anode material satisfies at least one of the following:
 (1) the anode material has a pore, and the pore comprises a micropore, wherein the micropore has a pore volume proportion accounting for 2% to 50%; and   (2) the anode material has a pore, and the pore comprises a mesopore, wherein the mesopore has a pore volume proportion accounting for 50% to 98%.   
     
     
         14 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the anode material has a specific surface area of 0.5 m 2 /g to 10 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         15 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the anode material has a compaction density of 0.8 g/cm 3  to 1.3 g/cm 3 . 
     
     
         16 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein the anode material has a tap density of 0.5 g/cm 3  to 1.5 g/cm 3 . 
     
     
         17 . The anode material of  claim 1 , wherein an anode slurry prepared by the anode material has a gas production of ≤0.5 mL/g after 24 h at 25° C. The anode slurry prepared by the anode material has a gas production of ≤2 mL/g after 24 h at 45° C. 
     
     
         18 . A battery, comprising the anode material according to  claim 1 .