3d printing transparent bioink formulation

Abstract

Bioink comprising modified fibers of MFC with a diameter of about 100-400 nm.

1 . An optically transparent aqueous 3D-printing bioink formulation comprising a bioink, which comprises fibers of modified microfibrillated cellulose having an average diameter of about 100-400 nm; and an average length of at least 10 μm, and, wherein the bioink has a transmittance of at least 90% with regard to visible light. 
     
     
         2 - 16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . The bioink formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the bioink has a transmittance of at least 95% with regard to visible light. 
     
     
         18 . The bioink formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the transmittance is determined by measuring absorbance using a Thermo Scientific NanoDrop 2000, at a path length of 1 mm, wherein the transmittance is calculated as follows: 
       
         
           
             
               
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                 T 
               
                 
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                 . 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     
         19 . The bioink formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the bioink has a storage modulus from 1 Pa to 1000 Pa, and a yield stress of at least 0.5 Pa to about 1 kPa and a yield strain of less than 1000%. 
     
     
         20 . The bioink formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the modified microfibrillated cellulose is a carboxymethylated microfibrillated cellulose. 
     
     
         21 . The bioink formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the bioink comprises fibers having an average diameter of 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, or 390 nm; or
 the bioink comprises fibers having an average diameter in the range of from 100-400 nm.   
     
     
         22 . The bioink formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the bioink has a content of fibers of modified microfibrillated cellulose of about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or about 10%. 
     
     
         23 . The bioink formulation according to  claim 1  further comprising a stem cell, an induced stem cell, an embryonic stem cell, an adult stem cell, a hematopoietic stem cell, a mesenchymal stem cell, a cardiomyocyte, a myoblast, a myofibroblast, a cardiovascular cell, an osteoblast, an osteoclast, an adipocyte, a tenocyte, a neuroblast, a fibroblast, a glioblast, a germ cell, a hepatocyte, a renal cell, a sertoli cell, a chondrocyte, an epithelial cell, a keratinocyte, a smooth muscle cell, an endothelial cell, a pericyte, a glial cell, an astrocyte, an oligodendrocyte, a neuron, an immune cell, a T-cell, a B-cell, a dendritic cell, a hormone-secreting cell, a pancreatic islet cell, a follicle-derived cell, or a cancerous cell. 
     
     
         24 . The bioink formulation according to  claim 23 , wherein the bioink formulation further comprises a differentiation agent, growth factors, or cytokines. 
     
     
         25 . The bioink formulation according to  claim 1  further comprising a cell-adhesive peptide, a peptide for enzymatic crosslinking or by protein additives, a Proteoglycan, a Glycosaminoglycan, or an extracellular matrix component. 
     
     
         26 . The bioink formulation according to  claim 1  further comprising a polysaccharide. 
     
     
         27 . The bioink formulation according to  claim 1 , wherein the printed material comprises anisotropic properties suitable for attachment of cells. 
     
     
         28 . The bioink formulation according to  claim 27 , wherein the cells are muscle cells selected from skeletal muscles, or cardiac muscle cells. 
     
     
         29 . The bioink formulation according to  claim 1 , wherein the bioink provides a support reservoir for embedded printing, and the bioink yield stress is below the hydrostatic pressure of the reservoir. 
     
     
         30 . A method for producing the bioink according to  claim 1  comprising:
 mechanically treating wood pulp cellulose to obtain a microfibrillated cellulose; 
 modifying the fibers of the microfibrillated cellulose, and 
 dispersing the fibers of the modified microcellulose in an aqueous composition. 
 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 30 , wherein the microfibrillated cellulose fibers have an average diameter of about 100-400 nm and an average length of at least 10 μm.