Low molecular weight dispersants

Abstract

This disclosure describes a lubricating oil composition. The composition includes a major amount of base oil; and a lubricant additive having the following structure:where each R1 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R2 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and each R3 is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, where p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3.

1 . A lubricating oil composition comprising:
 a major amount of base oil; and   a lubricant additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
     
     
         2 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein the lubricant additive is present in about 0.1 to about 50.0 wt. % based on total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
     
     
         3 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is a polyalkyl group. 
     
     
         4 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is a polyisobutenyl group. 
     
     
         5 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a succinimide dispersant. 
     
     
         6 . The lubricating composition of  claim 5 , wherein the succinimide dispersant has been post-treated with ethylene carbonate. 
     
     
         7 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein the lubricant additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         8 . A method of lubricating an engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:
 a major amount of base oil; and   a lubricant additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the lubricant additive is present in about 0.1 to about 50.0 wt. % based on total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein R 1  is a polyalkyl group. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein R 1  is a polyisobutenyl group. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 8 , further comprising a succinimide dispersant. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the succinimide is the succinimide dispersant has been post-treated with ethylene carbonate. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the lubricant additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         15 . A method for improving piston cleanliness or oxidation inhibition in an engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:
 a major amount of base oil; and   a lubricant additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the lubricant additive is present in about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % based on total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein R 1  is a polyalkyl group. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein R 1  is a polyisobutenyl group. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 15 , further comprising a succinimide dispersant. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the lubricant additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3.