Electrode material and preparation method thereof, battery, and electric apparatus

Abstract

The present application provides a sodium-doped lithium-rich metal oxide material and a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode material, a positive electrode plate, a battery, and an electric apparatus. The sodium-doped lithium-rich metal oxide material includes a compound Li m-x Na x MO y . The sodium-doped lithium-rich metal oxide material of the present application facilitates reducing the resistance to lithium-ion extraction from the crystal lattice, thereby increasing the charging capacity of the battery.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An electrode material, comprising Li m-x Na x MO y ; wherein
 M comprises one or more elements selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Sn, Mo, Ru, Ir, V, Nb, or Cr; and   
       
         
           
             
               
                 2 
                 ≤ 
                 m 
                 ≤ 
                 5 
               
               ; 
               
                 
                   
                     0 
                     . 
                     0 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   4 
                 
                 ≤ 
                 x 
                 ≤ 
                 1 
               
               ; 
               
                 
                   and 
                   ⁢ 
                       
                   2 
                 
                 ≤ 
                 y 
                 ≤ 
                 
                   4 
                   . 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     
         2 . The electrode material according to  claim 1 , wherein 0.01≤x/m≤0.25. 
     
     
         3 . The electrode material according to  claim 1 , wherein a median particle size by volume Dv50 of the electrode material is 1 μm to 12 μm. 
     
     
         4 . The electrode material according to  claim 1 , wherein the electrode material further comprises free lithium and free sodium, and, based on a mass calculation of the electrode material, a total mass content of the free lithium and free sodium is less than or equal to 1%. 
     
     
         5 . The electrode material according to  claim 1 , wherein a 2θ value of a strongest peak in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the electrode material is smaller than a 2θ value of a strongest peak in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of an electrode material not containing sodium; and the electrode material not containing sodium comprises Li m′ M′O y′ , wherein M′ comprises the same elements as M, m′is equal to m, and y′ is equal to y. 
     
     
         6 . The electrode material according to  claim 1 , comprising one or more of Li 2-x Na x M 1 O 2 , Li 2-x Na x M 2 O 3 , Li 3-x Na x M 3 O 4 , and Li 5-x Na x M 4 O 4  ; wherein
 M 1  comprises one or more elements selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, or Cu; M 2  comprises one or more elements selected from Mn, Sn, Mo, Ru, or Ir; M 3 comprises one or more elements selected from V, Nb, Cr, or Mo; M 4  comprises one or more elements selected from Fe, Cr, V, or Mo; and x in Li 2-x Na x M 1 O 2 , Li 2-x Na x M 2 O 3 , Li 3-x Na x M 3 O 4 , and Li 5-x Na x M 4 O 4  is independently 0.04 to 1.   
     
     
         7 . The electrode material according to  claim 1 , comprising one or more of Li 1.8 Na 0.2 NiO 2 , Li 1.96 Na 0.04 NiO 2 , Li 1.6 Na 0.4 NiO 2 , Li 1.98 Na 0.02 NiO 2 , Li 1.5 Na 0.5 NiO 2 , Li 1.8 Na 0.2 CuO 2 , Li 1.8 Na 0.2 MnO 3 , Li 2.7 Na 0.3 VO 4 , Li 2.7 Na 0.3 NbO 4 , Li 4.5 Na 0.5 FeO 4 , Li 4.9 Na 0.1 FeO 4 , Li 4.75 Na 0.25 FeO 4 , Li 4.25 Na 0.75 FeO 4 , Li 4.0 NaFeO 4 , or Li 4.95 Na 0.05 FeO 4 . 
     
     
         8 . The electrode material according to  claim 1 , wherein a lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of the electrode material is greater than or equal to 1.0×10 −13  cm 2 /s. 
     
     
         9 . The electrode material according to  claim 1 , wherein the electrode material is a positive electrode material. 
     
     
         10 . A method for preparing an electrode material, comprising:
 mixing a lithium source, a sodium source, and a source of element M, followed by sintering in an inert atmosphere to obtain the electrode material; wherein   the electrode material comprises Li m-x Na x MO y , wherein M comprises one or more elements selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Sn, Mo, Ru, Ir, V, Nb, or Cr; 2≤m≤5; 0.04≤x≤1; and 2≤y≤4.   
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein a molar ratio of lithium element in the lithium source to sodium element in the sodium source is 2 to 99. 
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the sintering temperature is 400° C. to 1000° C.; and/or,
 the electrode material comprises Li m-x Na x MO y , wherein M comprises one or more the sintering time is 1 h to 15 h, optionally 2 h to 15 h. 
 
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the method further comprises performing crushing and sieving; and/or,
 in the method, the mixing is performed by ball milling.   
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the lithium source, the sodium source, and the source of element M each independently comprise one or more of an oxide, hydroxide, hydrated hydroxide, halide, sulfate, carbonate, nitrate, oxalate, and acetate; optionally, the sodium source comprises one or more of Na 2 O, Na 2 CO 3 , Na 2 C 2 O 4 , and CH 3 COONa. 
     
     
         15 . A battery, comprising the electrode material according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         16 . A battery, comprising an electrode material prepared by the method according to  claim 14 . 
     
     
         17 . An electric apparatus, comprising the battery according to  claim 15 . 
     
     
         18 . An electric apparatus, comprising the battery according to  claim 16 .