Lubricant additives

Abstract

This disclosure describes a gaseous-fueled, low-speed, or medium speed engine lubricating oil composition. The composition includes a major amount of base oil; and a lubricant additive having the following structure:where each R1 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10-400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R2 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R3 is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3.

1 . A gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition comprising:
 a major amount of base oil; and   a lubricant additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         2 . The gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein the lubricant additive is present in about 0.1 to about 50 wt. % based on total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
     
     
         3 . The gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is a polyisobutenyl group. 
     
     
         4 . The gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein the lubricant additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         5 . The gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein the gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition has a total base number of 2 to 10 mg KOH/g. 
     
     
         6 . The gaseous-fueled engine lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition is a SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40, SAE 50 or SAE 60 viscosity grade engine oil. 
     
     
         7 . The gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein the gaseous-fueled engine lubricating oil composition is a SAE 15W-X, 20W-X, or 25W-X viscosity grade engine oil wherein X is 30, 40, 50 or 60. 
     
     
         8 . A lubricating oil composition for a low-speed or medium-speed diesel engine, the composition comprising:
 a major amount of base oil; and   a lubricant additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         9 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 8 , wherein the lubricant additive is present in about 0.1 to about 50 wt. % based on total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
     
     
         10 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 8 , wherein R 1  is a polyisobutenyl group. 
     
     
         11 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 8 , wherein the lubricant additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         12 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 8 , wherein the lubricating oil composition has a total base number of 5 to 200 mg KOH/g. 
     
     
         13 . The lubricating composition of  claim 8 , wherein the lubricating oil composition is a marine diesel engine monograde composition meeting the viscosity specifications for a SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40, SAE 50, or SAE 60 viscosity grade engine oil. 
     
     
         14 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 8 , wherein the lubricating oil composition is a SAE 15W-X, 20W-X, or 25W-X viscosity grade engine oil wherein X is 30, 40, 50 or 60. 
     
     
         15 . A method of thickening a lubricating oil composition in a gaseous-fueled, low-speed, or medium-speed engine, the method comprising adding to said engine a lubricating oil composition comprising:
 a major amount of base oil; and   a lubricant additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the lubricant additive is present in about 0.1 to about 50 wt. % based on total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein R 1  is a polyisobutenyl group. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the lubricant additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the lubricating oil composition has a total base number of 5 to 200 mg KOH/g. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the lubricating oil composition is a SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40, SAE 50, or SAE 60 viscosity grade engine oil. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the lubricating oil composition is a SAE 15W-X, 20W-X, or 25W-X viscosity grade engine oil wherein X is 30, 40, 50, or 60. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the engine is a stationary natural gas engine, a stationary biogas engine, a stationary landfill gas engine, a stationary unconventional natural gas fueled engine, or a dual-fuel engine. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the engine is a low-speed diesel engine, or medium-speed diesel engine. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the low-speed diesel engine is a marine crosshead diesel engine. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the medium-speed diesel engine is a locomotive diesel engine, a marine trunk piston diesel engine or a land-based stationary power diesel engine. 
     
     
         26 . A method of improving piston cleanliness or oxidation inhibition in an engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:
 a major amount of base oil; and   a lubricant additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein the lubricant additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  is an hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons, Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons, Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3. 
       
     
     
         28 . A method of removing existing deposits in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a composition comprising:
 a base oil; and   an additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein the additive is present in about 0.1 to about 50 wt. % based on total weight of the composition. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein R 1  is a polyisobutenyl group. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein the additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 75 to 400 carbons. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 30 , wherein the polyisobutenyl group has an average molecular weight of 800 to 5000. 
     
     
         34 . A method of removing existing deposits from the crankcase, rocker cover, camshaft region, timing gear cover, cylinder head, combustion chamber, piston rings and/or grooves in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a composition comprising:
 a base oil; and   an additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein the additive is present in about 0.1 to about 50 wt. % based on total weight of the composition. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein R 1  is a polyisobutenyl group. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein the additive has the following generalized structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 400 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3  is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 9 carbons with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalization, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 0 to 3. 
       
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein R 1  is independently a hydrocarbyl group having 75 to 400 carbons. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 36 , wherein the polyisobutenyl group has an average molecular weight of 800 to 5000.