Electrochemical device and electronic device

Abstract

An electrochemical device includes a negative electrode and an electrolyte, where the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode current collector contains chromium, wherein based on a mass of the negative electrode current collector, a mass percentage of chromium is from 0.001% to 0.5%. The electrolyte includes an oxalate-based compound, where based on a mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the oxalate-based compound is from 0.01% to 5%; and the oxalate-based compound includes at least one of a compound of formula I, a compound of formula II, a compound of formula III, a compound of formula IV, or a compound of formula V.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An electrochemical device comprising a negative electrode and an electrolyte; wherein:
 the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector containing chromium; wherein based on a mass of the negative electrode current collector, a mass percentage of chromium is in a range of 0.001% to 0.5%;   the electrolyte comprises an oxalate-based compound; wherein based on a mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the oxalate-based compound is in a range of 0.01% to 5%; and   the oxalate-based compound comprises at least one of a compound of formula I, a compound of formula II, a compound of formula III, a compound of formula IV, or a compound of formula V:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
         each A +  is independently selected from Li + , Na + , K + , or Cs + ; 
         R 11 , R 12 , R 21 , R 22 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , and R 34  are each independently selected from halogen, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C 1-4  alkyl, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C 2-4  alkenyl, or unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C 2-4  alkynyl; and 
         R 41  and R 42  are each independently selected from H, Li, Na, K, Cs, NH 4 , unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C 1-4  alkyl, unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted C 2 -4 alkenyl, or unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted C 2-4  alkynyl, wherein R 41  and R 42  may optionally bond with atoms to which R 41  and R 42  are attached to form a ring. 
       
     
     
         2 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical device satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
 the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula I; and the compound of formula I comprises at least one of the following compounds: lithium bis(oxalato) borate, sodium bis(oxalato) borate, cesium bis(oxalato) borate, or potassium bis(oxalato) borate;   the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula II; and the compound of formula II comprises at least one of the following compounds:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula III; and the compound of formula III comprises at least one of the following compounds: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula IV; and the compound of formula IV comprises at least one of the following compounds: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula V; and the compound of formula V comprises at least one of the following compounds: 
         H 2 C 2 O 4 , Li 2 C 2 O 4 , Na 2 C 2 O 4 , K 2 C 2 O 4 , CS 2 C 2 O 4 , NH 4 C 2 O 4 , CH 3 C 2 O 4 Li, 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         3 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 1 , wherein based on the mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of the oxalate-based compound is in a range of 0.01% to 3%. 
     
     
         4 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 1 , wherein based on the mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of the oxalate-based compound is in a range of 0.01% to 1%. 
     
     
         5 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 1 , wherein based on the mass of the negative electrode current collector, the mass percentage of the chromium is in a range of 0.001% to 0.1%. 
     
     
         6 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 1 , wherein based on the mass of the negative electrode current collector, the mass percentage of the chromium is in a range of 0.001% to 0.05%. 
     
     
         7 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode current collector is a copper foil. 
     
     
         8 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a cyclic ester and a linear ester; the cyclic ester comprising at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, or fluoroethylene carbonate;
 and the linear ester comprising at least one of diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, or propyl propionate; and 
 based on the mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the cyclic ester is S1%, and a mass percentage of the linear ester is S2%, wherein S1/S2 is in a range of 0.2 to 1. 
 
     
     
         9 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 8 , wherein S1 is in a range of 15 to 50. 
     
     
         10 . The electrochemical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises an additive; the additive being selected from at least one of 1,3-propane sultone, ethylene sulfate, lithium difluorophosphate, or vinylene carbonate; wherein based on the mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the additive is in a range of 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %. 
     
     
         11 . An electronic device comprising an electrochemical device, the electrochemical device comprises a negative electrode and an electrolyte; wherein,
 the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector containing chromium; wherein based on a mass of the negative electrode current collector, a mass percentage of chromium is in a range of 0.001% to 0.5%;   the electrolyte comprises an oxalate-based compound; wherein based on a mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the oxalate-based compound is in a range of 0.01% to 5%; and   the oxalate-based compound comprises at least one of a compound of formula I, a compound of formula II, a compound of formula III, a compound of formula IV, or a compound of formula V:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
         each A +  is independently selected from Lit, Na + , K + , or Cs + ; 
         R 11 , R 12 , R 21 , R 22 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , and R 34  are each independently selected from halogen, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C 1-4  alkyl, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C 2-4  alkenyl, or unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C 2-4  alkynyl; and 
         R 41  and R 42  are each independently selected from H, Li, Na, K, Cs, NH 4 , unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C 1-4  alkyl, unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted C 2 -4 alkenyl, or unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted C 2-4  alkynyl, wherein R 41  and R 42  may optionally bond with atoms to which R 41  and R 42  are attached to form a ring. 
       
     
     
         12 . The electronic device according to  claim 11 , wherein the electrochemical device satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
 the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula I; and the compound of formula I comprises at least one of the following compounds: lithium bis(oxalato) borate, sodium bis(oxalato) borate, cesium bis(oxalato) borate, or potassium bis(oxalato) borate;   the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula II; and the compound of formula II comprises at least one of the following compounds:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula III; and the compound of formula III comprises at least one of the following compounds: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula IV; and the compound of formula IV comprises at least one of the following compounds: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or
 the oxalate-based compound comprises the compound of formula V; and the compound of formula V comprises at least one of the following compounds: 
 H 2 C 2 O 4 , Li 2 C 2 O 4 , Na 2 C 2 O 4 , K 2 C 2 O 4 , CS 2 C 2 O 4 , NH 4 C 2 O 4 , CH 3 C 2 O 4 Li, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         13 . The electronic device according to  claim 11 , wherein based on the mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of the oxalate-based compound is in a range of 0.01% to 3%. 
     
     
         14 . The electronic device according to  claim 11 , wherein based on the mass of the electrolyte, the mass percentage of the oxalate-based compound is in a range of 0.01% to 1%. 
     
     
         15 . The electronic device according to  claim 11 , wherein based on the mass of the negative electrode current collector, the mass percentage of chromium is in a range of 0.001% to 0.1%. 
     
     
         16 . The electronic device according to  claim 11 , wherein based on the mass of the negative electrode current collector, the mass percentage of chromium is in a range of 0.001% to 0.05%. 
     
     
         17 . The electronic device according to  claim 11 , wherein the negative electrode current collector is copper foil. 
     
     
         18 . The electronic device according to  claim 11 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a cyclic ester and a linear ester; the cyclic ester comprising at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, or fluoroethylene carbonate;
 and the linear ester comprising at least one of diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, or propyl propionate; and 
 based on the mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the cyclic ester is S1%, and a mass percentage of the linear ester is S2%, wherein S1/S2 is in a range of 0.2 to 1. 
 
     
     
         19 . The electronic device according to  claim 18 , wherein S1 is in a range of 15 to 50. 
     
     
         20 . The electronic device according to  claim 11 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises an additive; the additive being selected from at least one of 1,3-propane sultone, ethylene sulfate, lithium difluorophosphate, or vinylene carbonate, wherein based on the mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the additive is in a range of 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %.