Solid oxide electrolytic cells using zeolite-templated carbon (ztc) as electrocatalyst

Abstract

Solid oxide electrolytic cell assembly (SOEC) and methods for making SOECs are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC). The functionalized ZTC is formed by forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution including hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites. In the method, the functionalized ZTC is incorporated into electrodes by forming a mixture of the functionalized ZTC with a calcined solid oxide electrolyte, and calcining the mixture. The method includes forming an electrode assembly, forming the SO electrolytic cell assembly, and coupling the SO electrolytic cell assembly to a heat source.

1 . A method for making a solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC) assembly, comprising:
 forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC), comprising:   forming a CaX zeolite;   depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite;   treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution comprising hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC; and   treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites, forming the functionalized ZTC; and   incorporating the functionalized ZTC into electrodes, comprising:   forming a mixture of the functionalized ZTC with a calcined solid oxide electrolyte; and   calcining the mixture;   forming an electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly comprises
 an anode, 
 a solid oxide electrolyte (SOE), 
 a cathode, 
 a first interface between the anode and the solid oxide electrolyte, and 
 a second interface between the solid oxide electrolyte and the cathode, wherein the first interface or the second interface or both comprises functionalized ZTC supported catalysts; 
   forming the SOEC assembly; and   coupling the SOEC assembly to a heat source.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the CaX zeolite is formed by ion exchanging a NaX zeolite with calcium ions. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the CVD process uses propylene, ethanol, or acetylene, or any combinations thereof, as an organic precursor gas. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the CVD process uses acetylene as an organic precursor gas. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the acetylene is added as a 2 vol. % solution in helium. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the CVD process is performed at a temperature of between 823 K and 1123 K. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the CVD process comprises:
 depositing carbon in a matrix of the CaX zeolite at a first temperature using a gas stream comprising acetylene;   switching the gas stream to a helium stream; and   increasing the temperature to a second temperature.   
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the first temperature is less than 875 K. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the first temperature is about 823 K. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the second temperature is greater than 1120 K. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the second temperature is about 1123 K. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 7 , comprising repeating the CVD process by cooling back to the first temperature;
 switching the gas stream back to the gas stream comprising acetylene;   depositing carbon in the matrix of the CaX zeolite at the first temperature;   switching the gas stream to the helium stream; and   increasing the temperature to the second temperature.   
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , comprising forming the functionalized ZTC using an incipient wetness technique. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , comprising:
 dissolving an active metal precursor to form an aqueous solution;   adding an amount of the aqueous solution to the ZTC corresponding to a pore volume of the ZTC forming a metal/ZTC composite;   drying the metal/ZTC composite; and   sintering the metal/ZTC composite to form the functionalized ZTC.   
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , comprising incorporating the functionalized ZTC onto an anode, a cathode, or both by sputtering. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , comprising forming the electrode assembly by:
 firing the anode with the incorporated functionalized ZTC to form a ceramic anode;   firing the SOE to form a ceramic SOE;   firing the cathode with the incorporated functionalized ZTC to form a ceramic cathode;   assembling the ceramic anode, ceramic SOE, and ceramic cathode into an assembly; and   firing the assembly to form the electrode assembly.