Treating and preventing microbial infections

Abstract

The invention provides methods for treating or preventing microbial (eg, bacterial) infections and means for performing these methods. In particular, treatment of infections requiring rapid and durable therapy is made possible, such as for treating acute conditions such as septicemia, sepsis, SIRS or septic shock. The invention is particularly useful, for example, for treatment of microbes such as for environmental, food and beverage use. The invention relates inter alia to methods of controlling microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) or biofouling of a substrate or fluid in an industrial or domestic system. The invention also useful for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections in subjects receiving a treatment for a disease or condition, such as a transplant or a treatment for cancer, a viral infection or an autoimmune disease.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 : A method of reducing growth of a first  Propionibacterium  bacteria species or strain in a skin microbiota, the method comprising selectively modifying the first  Propionibacterium  bacteria species or strain comprised by the subject by cutting a target site comprised by the genomes of the first  Propionibacterium  bacteria species or strain,
 wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a first nucleic acid sequence comprising a guide RNA or a DNA encoding the guide RNA,   wherein the cutting is carried out using a Cas nuclease that is programmed by the guide RNA to cut the target site,   wherein the subject comprises second bacteria of one or more strains or species that are different from that of the first  Propionibacterium  bacteria species or strain,   wherein the genomes of the second bacteria do not comprise the target site,   wherein the genomes of the second bacteria are not cut by the Cas nuclease in the subject, whereby second bacteria are not modified in the presence of the Cas nuclease in the subject, and   wherein the reduction of the growth of the first bacteria is maintained for at least 60 minutes after exposing the subject to the guide RNA.   
     
     
         2 : The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first nucleic acid sequence is a nucleic acid vector comprising the guide RNA or a DNA encoding the guide RNA. 
     
     
         3 : The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first nucleic acid sequence is administered in a vector that is a phage, phagemid, virophage, virus, plasmid, or transposon. 
     
     
         4 : The method of  claim 3 , wherein the vector is a phage or phagemid. 
     
     
         5 : The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method comprises topically administering to the subject the first nucleic acid. 
     
     
         6 : The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the first nucleic acid sequence and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient. 
     
     
         7 : The method of  claim 1 , comprising administering a second nucleic acid sequence to the subject, wherein the second nucleic acid sequence encodes the Cas nuclease. 
     
     
         8 : The method of  claim 7 , wherein the nucleic acid vector comprises both the first nucleic acid sequence and second nucleic acid sequence. 
     
     
         9 : The method of  claim 1 , wherein the Cas nuclease is a Cas9 or a Cas3. 
     
     
         10 : The method of  claim 9 , wherein the Cas nuclease is a  Streptococcus pyogenes  Cas9 (spCas9). 
     
     
         11 : The method of  claim 10 , wherein the second bacteria comprise a  Staphylococcus , a  Streptococcus , or a  Corynebacterium  bacteria. 
     
     
         12 : The method of  claim 1 , wherein the guide RNA is a single guide RNA.