Functional fluid compositions containing epoxy additives

Abstract

A functional fluid composition consisting essentially of (1) a phosphate ester containing at least two alkyl groups such as tributyl phosphate or dibutyl phenyl phosphate, in combination with a phosphate ester containing at least two aromatic groups, such as n-butyl diphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate, (2) a combination of at least two polyalkylene glycol materials, e.g. two polypropylene glycol ethers having substantially different molecular weights, and (3) a small amount of a mono or poly epoxide, e.g. an alkyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate or a 3,4-epoxycycloalkyl, 3,4-epoxycycloalkyl carboxylate, such epoxides preventing acid build-up in the fluid, and preventing undesirable deposits particularly when such fluid is employed as an aircraft hydraulic fluid.

I claim: 
     
       1. A functional fluid composition consisting essentially of (1) a combination of at least two phosphate esters, one of said phosphate esters containing at least two groups selected from the class consisting of alkyl and alkoxyalkyl, and mixtures thereof, and a second of said phosphate esters containing at least two aromatic groups selected from the class consisting of aryl and alkaryl groups, and mixtures thereof, (2) a combination of at least two polyalkylene glycol materials having terminal groups selected from the class consisting of free hydroxyl and ether groups, said ether groups being oxyalkyl groups wherein the alkyl radicals contain from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, said alkylene groups being selected from the class consisting of ethylene and propylene radicals, one of said polyalkylene glycol materials having a molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 2,000, and a second of said polyalkylene glycol materials having a molecular weight ranging from about 2,000 up to about 25,000, said phosphate esters and said polyalkylene glycol ethers being present in amounts such that said composition has a viscosity at -65° F of not greater than about 6,000 centistokes, and a viscosity at 210° F of not less than 2.25 centistokes, and (3) a small amount of an epoxy compound sufficient to function as an acid scavenger and to prevent precipitation of deposits in said fluid in the presence of said glycol materials, said epoxy compound selected from the group consisting of (A) a compound having the formula ##SPC6## wherein R 7  is --(CH 2 ) 0-3  --C(O)OR, --C(O)R, --OR, or --CH 2  OR, where R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, R 8  is R 7 , hydrogen, or an alkyl radical having from 1 to about 9 carbon atoms, and R 9  and R 10  are individually hydrogen or an alkyl radical having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and (B) a polyepoxide having the general formula ##EQU1##wherein R 11 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 17 , R 18  and R 19  can be a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, aryl of from about 6 to about 8 carbon atoms, and wherein R 13  and R 14 , R 17  and R 18 , together, respectively, can be the carbon atoms necessary to complete a cycloalkyl group of from about 5 to about 6 carbon atoms, R 12  and R 16  are trivalent and divalent organic radicals, respectively, containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, amino alkyl, amino aryl, ether, polyether, carboxylic acid ester and dicarboxylic acid radicals, and wherein n' and m can range from 0 to 100, but wherein n' plus m equals at least 2.   
     
     
       2. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 1, said phosphate esters and said polyalkylene glycol ethers being present in amounts such that said composition has a viscosity at -65° F. not greater than about 4,200 centistokes and a viscosity at 210° F. not less than about 3.0 centistokes. 
     
     
       3. A functional fluid as defined in claim 1, wherein the epoxide compound is a 3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate having the following structure ##SPC7## wherein R 8  is hydrogen, an alkyl of from 1 to about 9 carbon atoms, or a ##STR7##R 9  and R 10  are individually hydrogen or an alkyl of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl of from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 0 to 3.   
     
     
       4. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 1, said combination of phosphate esters being present in an amount ranging from about 15 to about 90%, said combination of polyalkylene glycol materials being present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 85%, and said epoxy compound being present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10%, by weight of said composition. 
     
     
       5. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 1, said combination of phosphate esters being present in an amount ranging from about 15 to about 70%, said combination of polyalkylene glycol materials being present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 70%, and said epoxy compound being present in an amount ranging from about 2 to about 10%, by weight of said composition. 
     
     
       6. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 1, said one phosphate ester being present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 80%, and said second phosphate ester being present in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 75%, said one polyalkylene glycol material being present in an amount ranging from about 8 to about 65%, said second polyalkylene glycol material being present in an amount ranging from about 2 to about 25%, by weight of said composition, and said epoxy compound being present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight of said composition. 
     
     
       7. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 6, said one phosphate ester having the general formula: ##STR8##where R 1  and R 2  are each a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, and alkoxyalkyl having from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, and R 3  is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkoxyalkyl, as above defined, aryl and alkaryl, containing from 6 to about 8 carbon atoms, said second phosphate ester having the general formula: ##STR9##where R 4  and R 5  are each a member selected from the group consisting of aryl and alkaryl, containing from 6 to about 8 carbon atoms, and R 6  is a member selected from the group consisting of aryl and alkaryl, containing from 6 to about 8 carbon atoms, alkyl of from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, and alkoxyalkyl having from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       8. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, wherein said one phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl aryl and trialkyl phosphates, and said second phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of triaryl and alkyl diaryl phosphates. 
     
     
       9. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 6, said polyalkylene glycol materials each being a polyalkylene glycol ether having at least one terminal oxyalkyl group wherein the alkyl radical contains from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       10. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 6, said polyalkylene glycol materials being selected from the group consisting of a polypropylene glycol mono- or diether, and a mono- or diether of an ethylene-propylene copolymer, said mono- or diethers having at least one terminal oxyalkyl group wherein the alkyl radicals contain from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       11. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, said polyalkylene glycol materials being selected from the group consisting of a polypropylene glycol mono- or diether, and a mono- or diether of an ethylene-propylene copolymer, said mono- or diethers having at least one terminal oxyalkyl groups wherein the alkyl radicals contain from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       12. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 11, said one polyalkylene glycol ether having a molecular weight ranging from about 600 to about 1,200, and said second polyalkylene glycol ether having a molecular weight ranging from about 3,000 to about 25,000. 
     
     
       13. A functional composition as defined in claim 12, wherein said one phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl aryl and trialkyl phosphates, and said second phophate ester is selected from the group consisting of triaryl and alkyl diaryl phosphates. 
     
     
       14. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 13, said one phosphate ester being present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 60%, and said second phosphate ester being present in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 40%, said one polyalkylene glycol ether being present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 40%, and said second polyalkylene glycol ether being present in an amount ranging from about 4 to about 15%, by weight of said composition, and said epoxy compound being present in an amount ranging from about 2 to about 10%, by weight of said composition. 
     
     
       15. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 12, said one phosphate ester being selected from the group consisting of tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phenyl phosphate and tri-n-hexyl phosphate, and said second phosphate ester being selected from the group consisting of tricresyl phosphate, butyl diphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate and tridecyl diphenyl phosphate. 
     
     
       16. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 14, said one phosphate ester being selected from the group consisting of tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phenyl phosphate and tri-n-hexyl phosphate, and said second phosphate ester being selected from the group consisting of tricresyl phosphate, butyl diphenylphosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate and tridecyl diphenyl phosphate. 
     
     
       17. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 15, said polyalkylene glycol ethers being selected from the group consisting of the n-butyl methyl diether of polypropylene glycol, the monomethyl ether of polypropylene glycol, and the copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, monobutyl ether. 
     
     
       18. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 16, said polyalkylene glycol ethers being selected from the group consisting of the n-butyl methyl diether of polypropylene glycol, the monomethyl ether of polypropylene glycol, and the copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, monobutyl ether. 
     
     
       19. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 18, wherein both said one and said second polyalkylene glycol ethers are each a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, monobutyl ether. 
     
     
       20. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, said epoxy compound being a polyepoxide selected from the group consisting of epoxy novalacs, the polyglycidyl ethers of phenols and polyphenols, polyglycidyl amines, polyepoxide esters, epoxidized polybutadiene and polyallyl glycidyl ether. 
     
     
       21. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 13, said epoxy compound being a polyepoxide selected from the group consisting of epoxy novalacs, the polyglycidyl ethers of phenols and polyphenols, polyglycidyl amines, polyepoxide esters, epoxidized polybutadiene and polyallyl glycidyl ether. 
     
     
       22. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, wherein said epoxy compound is employed in an amount ranging from about 2 to about 10%, by weight. 
     
     
       23. A functional fluid composition consisting essentially of (1) a combination of at least two phosphate esters, one of said phosphate esters containing at least two groups selected from the class consisting of alkyl and alkoxyalkyl, and mixtures thereof, and a second of said phosphate esters containing at least two aromatic groups selected from the class consisting of aryl and alkaryl groups, and mixtures thereof, (2) a combination of at least two polyalkylene glycol materials having terminal groups selected from the class consisting of free hydroxyl and ether groups, said ether groups being oxyalkyl groups wherein the alkyl radicals contain from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, said alkylene groups being selected from the class consisting of ethylene and propylene radicals, one of said polyalkylene glycol materials having a molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 2,000, and a second of said polyalkylene glycol materials having a molecular weight ranging from about 2,000 up to about 25,000, said phosphate esters and said polyalkylene glycol ethers being present in amounts such that said composition has a viscosity at -65° F of not greater than about 6,000 centistokes, and a viscosity at 210° F of not less than 2.25 centistokes, and (3) a small amount of an epoxy compound sufficient to function as an acid scavenger and to prevent precipitation of deposits in said fluid in the presence of said glycol materials, said epoxy compound being a polyepoxide wherein said polyepoxide is a member selected from the group of epoxy compounds having the formulae: ##SPC8## 
     
     
       24. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 23, wherein said one phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl aryl and trialkyl phosphates, and said second phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of triaryl and alkyl diaryl phosphates, and said polyalkylene glycol materials being selected from the group consisting of a polypropylene glycol mono- or diether, and a mono- or diether of an ethylene-propylene copolymer, said mono- or diethers having at least one terminal oxyalkyl group wherein the alkyl radicals contain from 1 to about 
     
     
       25. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 24, said one phosphate ester being present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 60%, and said second phosphate ester being present in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 40%, said one polyalkylene glycol ether being present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 40%, and said second polyalkylene glycol ether being present in an amount ranging from about 4 to about 15%, and said epoxy compound being present in an amount ranging 
     
     
       26. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, wherein the epoxy 
     
     
       27. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, wherein the epoxy 
     
     
       28. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, wherein the epoxy compound is a di-(C 1-12 ) alkyl 4,5-epoxycyclohexane 
     
     
       29. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, wherein the epoxy compound is a di-(C 5-12 ) alkyl -4,5-epoxycyclohexane 
     
     
       30. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 7, wherein the epoxy compound is a C 1-12  alkyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl carboxylate. 
     
     
       31. A functional fluid composition as defined in claim 26, wherein said one phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl aryl and trialkyl phosphates, and said second phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of triaryl and alkyl diaryl phosphates, said polyalkylene glycol materials being selected from the group consisting of a polypropylene glycol mono- or diether, and a mono- or diether of an ethylene-propylene copolymer, said mono- or diethers having at least one terminal oxyalkyl group wherein the alkyl radicals contain from 1 to about 
     
     
       32. In a method of operating a hydraulic pressure device wherein a displacing force is transmitted to a displaceable member by means of a hydraulic fluid, the improvement which comprises employing as said fluid a 
     
     
       33. In a method of operating a hydraulic pressure device wherein a displacing force is transmitted to a displaceable member by means of a hydraulic fluid, the improvement which comprises employing as said fluid a composition as defined in claim 31.