Method of bonding

Abstract

A method of making a shaped article from particulate solid material, such as a foundry mould or core from sand, comprises I. forming a mixture of the particles and an anaerobically-curing adhesive containing, as a curing accelerator, either an aliphatic amine having at least two primary aliphatic amino groups or a condensation product of such an amine with a ketone or with an aldehyde, Ii. forming the mixture into the desired shape, and Iii. in the presence of water, causing the adhesive to cure and to bond the particles together by displacing air or other oxygen-containing gas in the environment of the shaped article with an inert gas or vapor.

I claim: 
     
       1. A method of making a shaped article from particulate solid material which comprises i. forming a mixture of the particles and an anaerobically-curing adhesive containing, as a curing accelerator, either an aliphatic amine having at least two primary aliphatic amino groups or a condensation product of such an amine with a ketone or with an aldehyde,   ii. forming the mixture into the desired shape, and   iii. in the presence of water, causing the adhesive to cure and to bond the particles together by displacing air or other oxygen-containing gas in the environment of the shaped article with an inert gas or vapour.   
     
     
       2. The method of claim 1, in which the inert gas is nitrogen, a rare gas, or carbon dioxide. 
     
     
       3. The method of claim 1, in which there is used as most 0.5% by weight of water, calculated on the combined weight of the adhesive and the particles. 
     
     
       4. The method of claim 1, in which the inert gas or vapour is at a temperature of from 15° to 35° C. 
     
     
       5. The method of claim 1, in which the water present is imparted to the mixture of the particles and the adhesive by first passing the inert gas or vapour through water. 
     
     
       6. The method of claim 5, in which the inert gas or vapour contains from 5 to 40 grams of water vapour per cubic meter after passage through the water. 
     
     
       7. The method of claim 1, in which there is used from 0.5 to 10% by weight of the anerobically-curing adhesive, calculated on the weight of the particles. 
     
     
       8. The method of claim 1, in which the anerobically-curing adhesive comprises, in addition to the said curing accelerator, a. an ester of an acrylic acid and   b. a latent initiator of free-radical polymerisation.   
     
     
       9. The method of claim 8, in which there is used from 0.01 to 15% by weight of (b), calculated on the weight of the ester (a). 
     
     
       10. The method of claim 8, in which there is used from 1 to 10% by weight of the said curing accelerator, calculated on the weight of the ester (a). 
     
     
       11. The method of claim 8, in which the ester (a) is of the general formula ##STR26## where a is an integer of 1 to 8, b is an integer of 1 to 20,   c is zero or 1,   R denotes --H, --CH 3 , --C 2  H 5 , --CH 2  OH, or ##STR27## each R 1  denotes --H, --Cl, --CH 3 , or --C 2  H 5 , and R 2  denotes --H, --OH, or ##STR28##   
     
     
       12. The method of claim 8, in which the ester (a) is of the general formula ##STR29## where b is an integer of 1 to 20, c is 0 or 1,   d is 0 or a positive integer, provided that c and d are not both zero,   e is 1, 2, 3, or 4,   each R 1  denotes --H, --Cl, --CH 3 , or --C 2  H 5 ,   R 2  denotes --H, --OH, or ##STR30## and R 3  denotes an organic radical of valency, e, linked through a carbon atom or carbon atoms thereof to the indicated e terminal oxygen atoms.   
     
     
       13. The method of claim 8, in which the ester (a) is of the general formula ##STR31## where c is zero or 1, e is 1, 2, 3, or 4,   R 4  denotes --H or --CH 3 , and   R 5  denotes an organic radical of valency e, linked through a carbon atom other than the carbon atom of a carbonyl group.   
     
     
       14. The method of claim 8, in which the ester (a) is of the general formula ##STR32## where R 1  denotes --H, --Cl, --CH 3 , or --C 2  H 5 , R 6  denotes a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, or araliphatic group, bound through a carbon atom or carbon atoms thereof to the indicated --O-- atom and --X-- atom or group,   X denotes --O--or ##STR33## where R 8  stands for --H or an alkyl radical of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms,   g is an integer of at least 2 and at most 6, and   R 7  denotes a g-valent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, or araliphatic group, bound through a carbon atom or carbon atoms thereof to the indicated --NH--groups.   
     
     
       15. The method of claim 8, in which the ester (a) is of the general formula ##STR34## where each R 1  denotes --H, --Cl, --CH 3 , or --C 2  H 5 , each R 9  denotes --H, an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyano-alkyl radical of 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted by a group of formula ##STR35## each R 10  is a divalent aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, or cycloaliphatic residue of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, linking through carbon atoms thereof the indicated nitrogen atoms,   j is 0 or 1, and   h is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4, with the proviso than when j represents zero, h represents 1.   
     
     
       16. The method of claim 8, in which the ester (a) is of the general formula ##STR36## where R 1  denotes --H, --Cl, --CH 3 , or --C 2  H 5 , R 11  denotes --H, --CH 3 , or --CH 2  Cl, and   R 12  denotes the residue of an at least dicarboxylic acid after removal of two carboxyl groups, linked through one carbon atom to the indicated group ##STR37## and by an adjacent carbon atom to the indicated -COOH group.   
     
     
       17. The method of claim 8, in which the ester (a) is of the general formula ##STR38## where each R 1  denotes --H, --Cl, --CH 3 , or --C 2  H 5 , each R 11  denotes --H, --CH 3 , or --CH 2  Cl, and   R 13  denotes a tetravalent group containing at least one carbocyclic ring, each indicated pair of groups ##STR39## and --COOH being directly linked to adjacent carbon atoms.   
     
     
       18. The method of claim 8, in which the ester (a) is of the formula ##STR40## where R 1  denotes --H, --Cl, --CH 3 , or --C 2  H 5  and R 15  denotes --CH 3 , --C 2  H 5 , or ##STR41##   
     
     
       19. The method of claim 1, in which the latent initiator is a diazonium salt. 
     
     
       20. The method of claim 1, in which the latent initiator is redox-activatable. 
     
     
       21. The method of claim 20, in which the initiator is a hydroperoxide or a peroxide. 
     
     
       22. The method of claim 1, in which the accelerator is of the formula ##STR42## where R 4  denotes --H or --CH 3  and k is an integer of from 1 to 4.   
     
     
       23. The method of claim 1, in which the accelerator is such a condensation product, free from primary amino groups. 
     
     
       24. The method of claim 1, in which the condensation product used as the accelerator is of an aliphatic ketone of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or of an aliphatic aldehyde of 2 to 6 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       25. The method of claim 1, in which the amine, the condensation product of which is used, is of the formula ##STR43## where R 4  denotes --H or --CH 3  and k is an integer of from 1 to 4.