Cationic polymeric stabilizers for oil-in-water emulsions

Abstract

A mixture having emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing properties resulting from the polymerization of (1) a water soluble vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and methacrylamide, (2) a water insoluble vinyl monomer having an alkyl chain containing about 6 to 30 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate esters, alkyl methacrylate esters, N-alkyl acrylamides, N-alkyl methacrylamides and vinyl esters, and (3) a polymerizable vinyl monomer containing a basic group or salt thereof selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## where X is --O-- or ##STR2## A - is an inorganic anion, R" is a divalent saturated organic group containing one to six carbon atoms, and R'" is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing one to six carbon atoms.

What is claimed as the invention is: 
     
       1. A terpolymer having emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing properties resulting from the polymerization of (1) a water soluble vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and methacrylamide, (2) a water insoluble vinyl monomer having an alkyl chain containing about 6 to 30 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate esters, alkyl methacrylate esters, N-alkyl acrylamides, N-alkyl methacrylamides and vinyl esters, and (3) a polymerizable vinyl monomer containing a basic group or salt thereof selected from the group consisting of: ##STR8## wherein X is --O-- or ##STR9## ##STR10## A- is inorganic anion, R" is a divalent saturated organic group containing one to six carbons atoms, and R'" is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing one to six carbon atoms.   
     
     
       2. The terpolymer of claim 1 wherein said water insoluble vinyl monomer has an alkyl chain containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       3. The terpolymer of claim 1 wherein said polymerizable vinyl monomer containing a basic group is selected from cationic derivatives of ethylenically unsaturated amides and ethylenically unsaturated quaternary ammonium compounds. 
     
     
       4. The terpolymer of claim 3 wherein the polymerizable vinyl monomer containing a basic group are ethylenically unsaturated quaternary ammonium compounds selected from the group consisting of N-(trimethylammoniumethyl), acrylamide chloride and vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. 
     
     
       5. The terpolymer of claim 1 wherein the polymerizable vinyl monomer containing a basic group are ethylenically unsaturated amides selected from the group consisting of N-(dimethylaminomethyl) acrylamide and N-(diethylaminoethyl) acrylamide. 
     
     
       6. The terpolymer of claim 1, wherein A- is selected from the group consisting of Cl-, Br-, F-, I-, OH-, NO 3  - and SO 4   2- .