Reaction products of polyisobutenes and oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen and their use as fuel and lubricant additives

Abstract

Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

We claim: 
     
       1. A lubricant composition comprising a lubricant and a dispersant or detergent effective amount of a reaction product of a polyisobutene and oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen wherein said polyisobutene has an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond. 
     
     
       2. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product is in the form of a mixture of different nitro-containing alkanes, this mixture containing, as main components, the compounds of the formulae I and II ##STR10## having the degree of polymerization P as defined in claim 1. 
     
     
       3. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes. 
     
     
       4. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes, which mainly have the structures XVII and/or XVIII ##STR11## where R is polyisobutyl of the formula ##STR12## having the degree of polymerization P as defined in claim 1. 
     
     
       5. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by hydrogenation into aminoalkanes. 
     
     
       6. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by hydrogenation mainly into one or more aminoalkanes of the structures XIX to XXVI ##STR13## where R is polyisobutyl of the formula ##STR14## having the degree of polymerization P as defined in claim 1. 
     
     
       7. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes, and then by hydrogenation into aminoalkanes. 
     
     
       8. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes, and then by hydrogenation mainly into aminoalkanes of the structures XXVII and/or XXVIII ##STR15## where R is polyisobutyl of the formula ##STR16## having the degree of polymerization P as defined in claim 1. 
     
     
       9. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes and then by addition of amides or alcohols and subsequent hydrogenation or by cleavage to aldehydes and addition of amines onto these aldehydes and subsequent hydrogenation into aminoalkanes. 
     
     
       10. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes and then by addition of amines of the formula HNR 1  R 2  or alcohols of the formula R 1  --OH and subsequent hydrogenation or by cleavage to aldehydes and addition of amines of the formula HNR 1  R 2  onto these aldehydes and subsequent hydrogenation into aminoalkanes, which mainly have one or more of the structures XXIX to XXXIV ##STR17## where R is polyisobutyl of the formula ##STR18## having the degree of polymerization P as defined in claim 1, and R 1  and R 2  are C 1  -C 30  -alkyl, C 2  -C 30  -alkenyl, C 5  -C 8  -cycloalkyl, C 7  -C 18  -aralkyl or unsubstituted or substituted C 6  -C 14  -aryl, and R 2  may furthermore be hydrogen. 
     
     
       11. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyisobutene contains up to 20% by weight of C 4  monomers other than isobutene or C 3  monomers or ethylene as polymer-forming units. 
     
     
       12. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product is in the form of a mixture of different nitro-containing alkanes, this mixture containing, as main components, the compounds of the formulae I and II ##STR19## . 
     
     
       13. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes. 
     
     
       14. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes, which mainly have the structures XVII and/or XVIII ##STR20## where R is polyisobutyl of the formula ##STR21## . 
     
     
       15. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by hydrogenation into aminoalkanes. 
     
     
       16. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by hydrogenation mainly into one or more aminoalkanes of the structures XIX to XXVI ##STR22## where R is polyisobutyl of the formula ##STR23## . 
     
     
       17. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes, and then by hydrogenation into aminoalkanes. 
     
     
       18. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes, and then by hydrogenation mainly into aminoalkanes of the structures XXVII and/or XXVIII ##STR24## where R is polyisobutyl of the formula ##STR25## . 
     
     
       19. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes and then by addition of amides or alcohols and subsequent hydrogenation or by cleavage to aldehydes and addition of amines onto these aldehydes and subsequent hydrogenation into aminoalkanes. 
     
     
       20. The lubricant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reaction product, after its formation, has been converted by elimination with bases into nitro-containing alkenes and then by addition of amines of the formula HNR 1  R 2  or alcohols of the formula R 1  --OH and subsequent hydrogenation or by cleavage to aldehydes and addition of amines of the formula HNR 1  R 2  onto these aldehydes and subsequent hydrogenation into aminoalkanes, which mainly have one or more of the structures XXIX to XXXIV ##STR26## where R is polyisobutyl of the formula ##STR27## and R 1  and R 2  are C 1  -C 30  -alkyl, C 2  -C 30  -alkenyl, C 5  -C 8  -cycloalkyl, C 7  -C 18  -aralkyl or unsubstituted or substituted C 6  -C 14  -aryl, and R 2  may furthermore be hydrogen.