Method for inserting a watermark signal into data

Abstract

A method for inserting a watermark signal into data to be watermarked. The method includes the steps of: applying a partial watermark extraction to unwatermarked data for generating a first set of intermediate extracted values; identifying a first set of target values that are to replace the intermediate extracted values; computing the difference between the first set of target values and the first set of intermediate extracted values; and adding the computed difference throughout the unwatermarked data. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the step of identifying a first set of target values that are to replace the intermediate extracted values further includes the substeps of: applying a transform to the first set of intermediate extracted values; applying a further partial watermark extraction to the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a second set of intermediate extracted values; identifying a second set of target values that are to replace the second set of intermediate extracted values; computing the difference between the second set of target values and the second set of intermediate extracted values; adding the computed difference throughout the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a transformed first set of target values; and applying an inverse transform to the first set of transformed target values to obtain the first set of target values.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for inserting a watermark signal into unwatermarked data, the watermark signal being extracted by application of a given watermark extraction process, the method comprising the steps of: (a) applying a part of the watermark extraction process to the unwatermarked data for generating a first set of intermediate extracted values;   (b) identifying a first set of target values that are to replace the intermediate extracted values by; (i) applying a transform to the first set of intermediate extracted values;   (ii) applying a further part of the watermark extraction process to the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a second set of intermediate extracted values;   (iii) identifying a second set of target values that are to replace the second set of intermediate extracted values;   (iv) computing the difference between the second set of target values and the second set of intermediate extracted values;   (v) adding the computed difference throughout the transformed first set of intermediate extracted values to obtain a transformed first set of target values; and   (vi) applying an inverse transform to the first set of transformed target values to obtain the first set of target values;     (c) computing the difference between the first set of target values and the first set of intermediate extracted values; and   (d) adding the computed difference throughout the unwatermarked data.   
     
     
       2. The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents an audio signal. 
     
     
       3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of intermediate extracted values is smaller than the unwatermarked data. 
     
     
       4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first set of intermediate extracted values is obtained by averaging subsets of the unwatermarked data. 
     
     
       5. The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents an image. 
     
     
       6. The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents a video signal. 
     
     
       7. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises distributing the computed difference according to a perceptual model of human visual sensitivity. 
     
     
       8. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises distributing the computed difference according to how affected the data will be to a predetermined attack so that the attack will not affect the watermarked data. 
     
     
       9. The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a spatial domain. 
     
     
       10. The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents an audio signal. 
     
     
       11. The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a transformed domain. 
     
     
       12. The method of claim 11, wherein the transformed domain is selected from a group consisting of DCT, block DCT, FFT, block FFT, wavelet, Hadamard transform, Cortex transform. 
     
     
       13. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) is performed such that the first set of target values maximizes a measure of robust match with the watermark signal. 
     
     
       14. The method of claim 13, wherein the measure of robust match is determined according to the equations:   w'=w-mean(w)       u'=u-mean(u)       Ec=w'.u'/sqrt(w'.w'*(u'.u'+Sn))     where x.y indicates the inner product of vectors x and y, w is the watermark signal, u is the first set of target values, Sn is expected noise, and Ec is expected correlation.   
     
     
       15. The method of claim 4, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is smaller than the first set of intermediate extracted values. 
     
     
       16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is obtained by averaging subsets of the first set of intermediate extracted values. 
     
     
       17. The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents an image. 
     
     
       18. The method of claim 1, wherein the unwatermarked data represents a video signal. 
     
     
       19. The method of claim 1, wherein step (v) comprises distributing the computed difference according to a perceptual model of human visual sensitivity. 
     
     
       20. The method of claim 1, wherein step (v) comprises distributing the computed difference according to how affected the data will be to a predetermined attack so that the attack will not affect the watermarked data. 
     
     
       21. The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is represented in a spatial domain. 
     
     
       22. The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a temporal domain. 
     
     
       23. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted data is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the data to be watermarked is in a different transformed domain. 
     
     
       24. The method of claim 23, wherein one of the transformed domains is selected from a group consisting of DCT, block DCT, FFT, block FFT, wavelet, Hadamard transform, Cortex transform. 
     
     
       25. The method of claim 1, wherein step (iii) is performed such that the second set of target values maximizes a measure of robust match with the watermark signal. 
     
     
       26. The method of claim 25, wherein the measure of robust match is determined according to the equations:   w'=w-mean(w)       u'=u-mean(u)       Ec=W'.u'/sqrt(w'.w'*(u'.u'+Sn))     where x.y indicates the inner product of vectors x and y, w is the watermark signal, u is the second set of target values, Sn is expected noise, and Ec is expected correlation.   
     
     
       27. The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in spatial and temporal domains. 
     
     
       28. The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is represented in a temporal domain. 
     
     
       29. The method of claim 1, wherein the data to be watermarked is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the second set of intermediate extracted values is represented in spatial and temporal domains. 
     
     
       30. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted data is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the data to be watermarked is in a spatial domain. 
     
     
       31. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted data is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the data to be watermarked is in a temporal domain. 
     
     
       32. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of intermediate extracted data is represented in a transformed domain and wherein the data to be watermarked is in spatial and temporal domains.