Additives for inhibiting the formation of gas hydrates

Abstract

The present invention relates to an additive, and its use for inhibiting nucleation, growth and agglomeration of gas hydrates by adding an effective amount of an inhibitor to a multiphasic mixture which tends to hydrate formation and consists of water, gas and optionally condensate, or to a drilling fluid which tends to form gas hydrates. Said inhibitor comprising dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula 1 where R 1 , R 2 are each independently radicals of the formulae—(B)—(O—A) n —O—CO—R 5 or —(A—O) n —(C)—CO—O—R 5 , R 3 is C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl or C 2 - to C 30 -alkenyl, R 4 is an organic radical which optionally contains heteroatoms and has from 1 to 100 carbon atoms, R 5 is an alkyl or an alkenyl, n is a number from 1 to 20, A is an alkylene group, B is an alkylene group, C is a C 1 - to C 6 -alkylene group and X is an anion, are used as gas hydrate inhibitors.

1. A process for inhibiting gas hydrates comprising the steps of:
 providing a system which forms gas hydrates and is composed of water and hydrocarbons; 
 providing a compound of the formula 1 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where
 R 1 , R 2  are each independently radicals of the formulae
   —(B)—(O—A) n —O—CO—R 5   (2) 
 
 
       or
   —(A—O) n —(C′)—CO—O—R 5   (3) 
 R 3  is C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl or C 2 - to C 30 -alkenyl, 
 R 4  is an organic radical which contains heteroatoms and has from 1 to 100 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms are nitrogen and oxygen, 
 R 5  is C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl or C 2 - to C 30 -alkenyl, 
 n is a number from 1 to 20, 
 A is a C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene group, 
 B is a C 1 - to C 10 -alkylene group, 
 C′ is a C 1 - to C 6 -alkylene group and 
 X is an anion; and
 adding said compound to said system. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The process as claimed in  claim 1 , where A is an ethylene or propylene group. 
     
     
       3. The process as claimed in  claim 1 , where B is a C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene group. 
     
     
       4. The process as claimed in  claim 1 , where C′ is a C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene group. 
     
     
       5. The process as claimed in  claim 1 , where n is a number in the range from 2 to 6. 
     
     
       6. The process as claimed in  claim 1 , where R 5  is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       7. The process as claimed in  claim 1 , where R 3  is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       8. The process as claimed in  claim 1  where R 4  is a radical of the formula (4) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which R 6  is a radical of the formulae
   —(B)—(O—A) n —O—CO—R 5   (2) 
 
       or
   —(A—O) n —(C′)—CO—O—R 5   (3) 
 
       or C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl or C 2 - to C 30 -alkenyl and k is 2 or 3. 
     
     
       9. The process as claimed in  claim 1 , where a compound of the formulae (5) to (8) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       are used. 
     
     
       10. A compound of the formula (I) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where
 R 1 , R 2  are each independently radicals of the formulae
   —(B)—(O—A) n —O—CO—R 5   (2) 
 
 
       or
   —(A—O) n —(C′)—CO—O—R 5   (3) 
 R 3  is C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl or C 2 - to C 30 -alkenyl, 
 R 4  is an organic radical which contains heteroatoms and has from 1 to 100 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms are nitrogen and oxygen, 
 R 5  is C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl or C 2 - to C 30 -alkenyl, 
 n is a number from 1 to 20, 
 A is a C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene group, 
 B is a C 1 - to C 10 -alkylene group, 
 C′ is a C 1 - to C 6 -alkylene group and 
 X is an anion.