US7519126B2ExpiredUtilityA1

Space-time block-coding (STBC) with multiple streams in orhogonal frequency division mulitplexing (OFDM) for wireless local area networks (WLAN) and error metrics for soft decision with channel information

68
Assignee: BROADCOM CORPPriority: Jun 16, 2004Filed: Sep 30, 2004Granted: Apr 14, 2009
Est. expiryJun 16, 2024(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Joonsuk Kim
H04L 27/2647H04L 1/0643
68
PatentIndex Score
11
Cited by
26
References
26
Claims

Abstract

A method of receiving data over N receiving antennas from M transmitting antennas, where M and N are integers, includes the steps of receiving N signals over the N receiving antennas, applying the N signals to a space/time decoder, determining noise powers for N channels, with the N channels being based on the N signals, applying Viterbi filtering to the N channels utilizing the noise powers and deriving received data from the filtered N channels.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1. A method of receiving data over N receiving antennas from M transmitting antennas, where M and N are integers, the method comprising the steps of:
 receiving N signals over the N receiving antennas; 
 applying the N signals to a space/time decoder; 
 determining noise powers for N channels, with the N channels being based on the N signals, said noise power determination being based on N combinations of noise power scaling; 
 applying Viterbi filtering to the N channels utilizing the noise powers; and 
 deriving received data from the filtered N channels. 
 
   
   
     2. A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the step of determining noise powers further comprises removing interference terms between the N channels. 
   
   
     3. A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the step of determining noise powers comprises zero-forcing terms equivalent to relationships between signals sent from the M transmitting antennas to the N receiving antennas to determine channel information. 
   
   
     4. A method according to  claim 3 , wherein when N=2, the relationships comprise: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           [ 
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   r 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   r 
                                   2 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           ] 
                         
                         = 
                         
                           
                             
                               [ 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       H 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       G 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       H 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       G 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               ] 
                             
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               [ 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       c 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       c 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               ] 
                             
                           
                           + 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     n 
                                     1 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     n 
                                     2 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                           
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         where 
                         , 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             c 
                             1 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     c 
                                     11 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     c 
                                     12 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             c 
                             2 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     c 
                                     21 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     c 
                                     22 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             r 
                             1 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       r 
                                       1 
                                     
                                     ⁡ 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         t 
                                         1 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       r 
                                       1 
                                       * 
                                     
                                     ⁡ 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         t 
                                         2 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             r 
                             2 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       r 
                                       2 
                                     
                                     ⁡ 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         t 
                                         1 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       r 
                                       2 
                                       * 
                                     
                                     ⁡ 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         t 
                                         2 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             H 
                             i 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     h 
                                     
                                       1 
                                       ⁢ 
                                       i 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     h 
                                     
                                       2 
                                       ⁢ 
                                       i 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     h 
                                     
                                       2 
                                       ⁢ 
                                       i 
                                     
                                     * 
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     - 
                                     
                                       h 
                                       
                                         1 
                                         ⁢ 
                                         i 
                                       
                                       * 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           G 
                           i 
                         
                         = 
                         
                           [ 
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   h 
                                   
                                     3 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     i 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   h 
                                   
                                     4 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     i 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   h 
                                   
                                     4 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     i 
                                   
                                   * 
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   - 
                                   
                                     h 
                                     
                                       3 
                                       ⁢ 
                                       i 
                                     
                                     * 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           ] 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       and the channel information of each space-time block-coding (STBC) symbol after crosstalk cancellation, Ni, comprises: 
     
     
       
         
           
             
               E 
               ⁡ 
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             N 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             N 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                   ⁡ 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             N 
                             1 
                             * 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             N 
                             2 
                             * 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
             
             = 
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             H 
                             ~ 
                           
                           * 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             I 
                             + 
                             
                               G 
                               ^ 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         H 
                         ~ 
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         - 
                         
                           
                             
                               H 
                               ~ 
                             
                             * 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     
                                       H 
                                       2 
                                     
                                     ⁢ 
                                     
                                       H 
                                       1 
                                       
                                         - 
                                         1 
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 * 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   G 
                                   1 
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   G 
                                   2 
                                   
                                     - 
                                     1 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         H 
                         ~ 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             G 
                             ~ 
                           
                           * 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               
                                 H 
                                 1 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 H 
                                 1 
                                 
                                   - 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                             
                             + 
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   
                                     G 
                                     1 
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                     G 
                                     2 
                                     
                                       - 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               * 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         H 
                         ~ 
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             G 
                             ~ 
                           
                           * 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             I 
                             + 
                             
                               H 
                               ^ 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         G 
                         ~ 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             where 
             , 
             
               
                 G 
                 ^ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       G 
                       1 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           G 
                           2 
                           * 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           G 
                           2 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   
                     - 
                     1 
                   
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   G 
                   1 
                   * 
                 
               
             
             , 
             
               
                 H 
                 ^ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       H 
                       2 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           H 
                           1 
                           * 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           H 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   
                     - 
                     1 
                   
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   H 
                   2 
                   * 
                 
               
             
             , 
             and 
           
         
       
       
         
           
             where 
             , 
             
               
                 H 
                 ~ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   H 
                   1 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   
                     G 
                     1 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     G 
                     2 
                     
                       - 
                       1 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     H 
                     2 
                   
                 
               
             
             , 
             
               
                 G 
                 ~ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   G 
                   2 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   
                     H 
                     2 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     H 
                     1 
                     
                       - 
                       1 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       G 
                       1 
                     
                     . 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
   
   
     5. A method according to  claim 4 , wherein when N is greater than M, the channel information can be written as sums of weighted scalar values. 
   
   
     6. A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the step of receiving N signals comprises receiving the N signals that have been coded through space-time block-coding. 
   
   
     7. A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the step of applying Viterbi filtering to the N channels comprises applying soft decision Viterbi filtering to the N channels. 
   
   
     8. A method according to  claim 1 , further comprising utilizing the noise powers in decoding of the N channels, wherein the decoding is performed according to one of turbo decoding and low density parity check block decoding. 
   
   
     9. A method according to  claim 1 , further comprising at least one of band pass filtering of the N received signals, analog-to-digital converting of the N received signals, fast Fourier transforming the N Viterbi filtered channels and multiplexing the N Viterbi filtered channels. 
   
   
     10. A receiver for receiving data over N receiving antennas transmitted from M transmitting antennas, where N and M are integers, the receiver comprising:
 receiving means for receiving N signals over the N receiving antennas; 
 applying means for applying the N signals to a space/time decoder; 
 determining means for determining noise powers for N channels, with the N channels being based on the N signals, said noise power determining means being based on N combinations of noise power scaling; 
 filtering means for applying Viterbi filtering to the N channels utilizing the noise powers; and 
 deriving means for deriving received data from the filtered N channels. 
 
   
   
     11. A receiver according to  claim 10 , wherein the determining means further comprises interference removing means for removing interference terms between the N channels. 
   
   
     12. A receiver according to  claim 10 , wherein the determining means comprises zero-forcing means for zero-forcing terms equivalent to relationships between signals sent from the M transmitting antennas to the N receiving antennas to determine channel information. 
   
   
     13. A receiver according to  claim 12 , wherein the relationships comprise: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           [ 
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   r 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   r 
                                   2 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           ] 
                         
                         = 
                         
                           
                             
                               [ 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       H 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       G 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       H 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       G 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               ] 
                             
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               [ 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       c 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       c 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               ] 
                             
                           
                           + 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     n 
                                     1 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     n 
                                     2 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                           
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         where 
                         , 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             c 
                             1 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     c 
                                     11 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     c 
                                     12 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             c 
                             2 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     c 
                                     21 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     c 
                                     22 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             r 
                             1 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       r 
                                       1 
                                     
                                     ⁡ 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         t 
                                         1 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       r 
                                       1 
                                       * 
                                     
                                     ⁡ 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         t 
                                         2 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             r 
                             2 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       r 
                                       2 
                                     
                                     ⁡ 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         t 
                                         1 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       r 
                                       2 
                                       * 
                                     
                                     ⁡ 
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         t 
                                         2 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             H 
                             i 
                           
                           = 
                           
                             [ 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     h 
                                     
                                       1 
                                       ⁢ 
                                       i 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     h 
                                     
                                       2 
                                       ⁢ 
                                       i 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     h 
                                     
                                       2 
                                       ⁢ 
                                       i 
                                     
                                     * 
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     - 
                                     
                                       h 
                                       
                                         1 
                                         ⁢ 
                                         i 
                                       
                                       * 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           G 
                           i 
                         
                         = 
                         
                           [ 
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   h 
                                   
                                     3 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     i 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   h 
                                   
                                     4 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     i 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   h 
                                   
                                     4 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     i 
                                   
                                   * 
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   - 
                                   
                                     h 
                                     
                                       3 
                                       ⁢ 
                                       i 
                                     
                                     * 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           ] 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       and the channel information of each STBC symbol after crosstalk cancellation, Ni, comprises: 
     
     
       
         
           
             
               E 
               ⁡ 
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             N 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             N 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                   ⁡ 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         N 
                         1 
                         * 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         N 
                         2 
                         * 
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
             
             = 
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             H 
                             ~ 
                           
                           * 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ( 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         I 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           G 
                           ^ 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ) 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           H 
                           ~ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         - 
                         
                           
                             
                               H 
                               * 
                             
                             ~ 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     
                                       H 
                                       2 
                                     
                                     ⁢ 
                                     
                                       H 
                                       1 
                                       
                                         - 
                                         1 
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 * 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   G 
                                   1 
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   G 
                                   2 
                                   
                                     - 
                                     1 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         H 
                         ~ 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             G 
                             * 
                           
                           ~ 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               
                                 H 
                                 1 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 H 
                                 1 
                                 
                                   - 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                             
                             + 
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   
                                     G 
                                     1 
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                     G 
                                     2 
                                     
                                       - 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               * 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         H 
                         ~ 
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             G 
                             * 
                           
                           ~ 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ( 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         I 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           H 
                           ^ 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ) 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           G 
                           ~ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             where 
             , 
             
               
                 G 
                 ^ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       G 
                       1 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           G 
                           2 
                           * 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           G 
                           2 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   
                     - 
                     1 
                   
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   G 
                   1 
                   * 
                 
               
             
             , 
             
               
                 H 
                 ^ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       H 
                       2 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           H 
                           1 
                           * 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           H 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   
                     - 
                     1 
                   
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   H 
                   2 
                   * 
                 
               
             
             , 
             
                 
             
             ⁢ 
             
               
                 and 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 where 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   H 
                   ~ 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   H 
                   1 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   
                     G 
                     1 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     G 
                     2 
                     
                       - 
                       1 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     H 
                     2 
                   
                 
               
             
             , 
             
                 
             
             ⁢ 
             
               
                 G 
                 ~ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   G 
                   2 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   
                     H 
                     2 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     H 
                     1 
                     
                       - 
                       1 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       G 
                       1 
                     
                     . 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
   
   
     14. A receiver according to  claim 13 , wherein when N is greater than M, the channel information can be written as sums of weighted scalar values. 
   
   
     15. A receiver according to  claim 10 , wherein the receiving means comprises receiving means for receiving the N signals that have been coded through space-time block-coding. 
   
   
     16. A receiver according to  claim 10 , wherein the applying means comprises applying means for applying soft decision Viterbi filtering to the N channels. 
   
   
     17. A receiver according to  claim 10 , further comprising utilizing means for utilizing the noise powers in decoding of the N channels, wherein the decoding is performed according to one of turbo decoding and low density parity check block decoding. 
   
   
     18. A receiver according to  claim 10 , further comprising at least one of band pass filtering means for filtering of the N received signals, analog-to-digital converting means for analog-to-digital converting of the N received signals, fast Fourier transforming means for fast Fourier transforming the N Viterbi filtered channels and multiplexing means for multiplexing the N Viterbi filtered channels. 
   
   
     19. A receiver for receiving data over N receiving antennas transmitted from M transmitting antennas, where N and M are integers, the receiver comprising:
 N receiving antennas, configured to receive N signals; 
 a space/time decoder, configured to receive the N signals and supply N channels being based on the N signals; and 
 a multiplexer, configured to provide received data from the N channels; 
 wherein the space/time decoder is configured to determine noise powers for N channels and to apply Viterbi filtering to the N channels utilizing the noise powers, said noise power determination being based on N combinations of noise power scaling. 
 
   
   
     20. A receiver according to  claim 19 , wherein the space/time decoder is configured to remove interference terms between the N channels. 
   
   
     21. A receiver according to  claim 19 , wherein the space/time decoder is configured to zero-force terms equivalent to relationships between signals sent from the M transmitting antennas to the N receiving antennas to determine channel information. 
   
   
     22. A receiver according to  claim 21 , wherein the relationships comprise: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         r 
                         1 
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         r 
                         2 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             H 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             G 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             H 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             G 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                   ⁡ 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             c 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             c 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                 
                 + 
                 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             n 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             n 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   where 
                 
               
             
             , 
             
               
 
             
             ⁢ 
             
               
                 c 
                 1 
               
               = 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         c 
                         11 
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         c 
                         12 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
             , 
             
               
                 c 
                 2 
               
               = 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         c 
                         21 
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         c 
                         22 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
             , 
             
               
                 r 
                 1 
               
               = 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           r 
                           1 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             t 
                             1 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           r 
                           1 
                           * 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             t 
                             2 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
             , 
             
               
                 r 
                 2 
               
               = 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           r 
                           2 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             t 
                             1 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           r 
                           2 
                           * 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             t 
                             2 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
             , 
             
               
 
             
             ⁢ 
             
               
                 H 
                 i 
               
               = 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           1 
                           ⁢ 
                           i 
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           2 
                           ⁢ 
                           i 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           2 
                           ⁢ 
                           i 
                         
                         * 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         - 
                         
                           h 
                           
                             1 
                             ⁢ 
                             i 
                           
                           * 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
             , 
             
               
                 G 
                 i 
               
               = 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           3 
                           ⁢ 
                           i 
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           4 
                           ⁢ 
                           i 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         h 
                         
                           4 
                           ⁢ 
                           i 
                         
                         * 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         - 
                         
                           h 
                           
                             3 
                             ⁢ 
                             i 
                           
                           * 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
       and the channel information of each STBC symbol after crosstalk cancellation, Ni, comprises: 
     
     
       
         
           
             
               E 
               ⁡ 
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             N 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             N 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                   ⁡ 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         N 
                         1 
                         * 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         N 
                         2 
                         * 
                       
                     
                     ] 
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
             
             = 
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             H 
                             ~ 
                           
                           * 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ( 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         I 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           G 
                           ^ 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ) 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           H 
                           ~ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         - 
                         
                           
                             
                               H 
                               * 
                             
                             ~ 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     
                                       H 
                                       2 
                                     
                                     ⁢ 
                                     
                                       H 
                                       1 
                                       
                                         - 
                                         1 
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 * 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   G 
                                   1 
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   G 
                                   2 
                                   
                                     - 
                                     1 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         H 
                         ~ 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             G 
                             * 
                           
                           ~ 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               
                                 H 
                                 1 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 H 
                                 1 
                                 
                                   - 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                             
                             + 
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   
                                     G 
                                     1 
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                     G 
                                     2 
                                     
                                       - 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               * 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         H 
                         ~ 
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             G 
                             * 
                           
                           ~ 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ( 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         I 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           H 
                           ^ 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ) 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           G 
                           ~ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             where 
             , 
             
               
                 G 
                 ^ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       G 
                       1 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           G 
                           2 
                           * 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           G 
                           2 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   
                     - 
                     1 
                   
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   G 
                   1 
                   * 
                 
               
             
             , 
             
               
                 H 
                 ^ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       H 
                       2 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           H 
                           1 
                           * 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           H 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   
                     - 
                     1 
                   
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   H 
                   2 
                   * 
                 
               
             
             , 
             
                 
             
             ⁢ 
             
               
                 and 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 where 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   H 
                   ~ 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   H 
                   1 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   
                     G 
                     1 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     G 
                     2 
                     
                       - 
                       1 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     H 
                     2 
                   
                 
               
             
             , 
             
                 
             
             ⁢ 
             
               
                 G 
                 ~ 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   G 
                   2 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   
                     H 
                     2 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     H 
                     1 
                     
                       - 
                       1 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       G 
                       1 
                     
                     . 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
   
   
     23. A receiver according to  claim 22 , wherein when N is greater than M, the channel information can be written as sums of weighted scalar values. 
   
   
     24. A receiver according to  claim 19 , wherein the space/time decoder is configured to apply soft decision Viterbi filtering to the N channels. 
   
   
     25. A receiver according to  claim 19 , wherein the space/time decoder is configured to utilize the noise powers in decoding of the N channels, wherein the decoding is configured to perform according to one of turbo decoding and low density parity check block decoding. 
   
   
     26. A receiver method according to  claim 19 , further comprising at least one of a band pass filter, an analog-to-digital converter, a fast Fourier transformer and a multiplexer.

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