Methods and apparatus for generating a risk metric for soft plaque in vessels

Abstract

A method for generating a score for soft plaque in coronary arteries includes using the computer to estimate the soft plaque content within at least one object depicted in a medical image, using the computer to determine a plaque score dependent upon the estimated soft plaque content of the at least one object, and using the computer to report the plaque score.

1. A method for generating a score for soft plaque content in coronary arteries of a heart using a computer, said method comprising:
 using the computer to generate an estimate of the soft plaque content within at least one object depicted in a medical image, the estimate including a measurement of mass of the soft plaque content; 
 using the computer to determine a location of the soft plaque content in the heart and a measurement of volume of the soft plaque content; and 
 using the computer to determine a severity state representative of a health of the heart, the severity state determined based on the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content, the location of the soft plaque content, and the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content; and 
 using the computer to report the severity state of the health of the heart. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1  wherein the estimate of the soft plaque content further includes the measurement of volume of the soft plaque. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1  wherein said severity state is further dependent upon a propensity of the soft plaque content to create a situation leading to a myocardial infarction (MI) of the heart, the propensity based on one or more empirical studies. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1  further comprising using the computer to determine a vulnerability index dependent upon a composition of the soft plaque content, the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content, the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content, and a distance of the soft plaque content from a branch vessel in the heart. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 4  further wherein the vulnerability index is determined utilizing a coronary atlas-based model associating a potential threat of the soft plaque content to the heart. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 5  further comprising:
 using the computer to determine a soft plaque score based on the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content and the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content; and 
 using the computer to determine an overall propensity of risk based upon a weighted combination of the plaque score, the severity state, and the vulnerability index. 
 
     
     
       7. A tangible and non-transitory machine-readable medium or media having instructions recorded thereon that are configured to instruct a computer to generate a score for soft plaque content in coronary arteries, the instructions comprising instructions configured to instruct the computer to:
 generate an estimate of the soft plaque content within a heart depicted in a medical image, the estimate including a measurement of mass of the soft plaque content; 
 determine a location of the soft plaque content and a measurement of volume of the soft plaque content in the heart; 
 determine a severity state representative of a health of the heart, the severity state determined based on the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content, the location of the soft plaque content, and the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content; and 
 report the severity state of the health of the heart. 
 
     
     
       8. The medium or media of  claim 7  wherein the estimate of the soft plaque content further includes the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content. 
     
     
       9. The medium or media of  claim 7  wherein said severity state is further dependent upon a propensity of the soft plaque content to create a situation leading to a myocardial infarction (MI) of the heart, the propensity based on one or more empirical studies. 
     
     
       10. The medium or media of  claim 7  wherein the instructions instruct the computer to determine a vulnerability index dependent upon a composition of the soft plaque content, the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content, the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content, and a distance of the soft plaque content from a branch vessel in the heart. 
     
     
       11. The medium or media of  claim 10  wherein said instructions instruct the computer to use a coronary atlas-based model associating a potential threat of the soft plaque content to the heart to determine the vulnerability index. 
     
     
       12. The medium or media of  claim 11  wherein the instructions instruct the computer to:
 determine a soft plaque score based on the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content and the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content; and 
 determine an overall propensity of risk based upon a weighted combination of the plaque score, the severity state, and the vulnerability index. 
 
     
     
       13. A medical imaging apparatus having a radiation source, a detector array, an image processor, a display, and a memory, said medical imaging apparatus controlled by a computer configured to operate the medical imaging apparatus to produce medical images using the radiation source, the detector array, the image processor, the display, and the memory, and the memory having stored therein instructions configured to instruct the computer to generate a score for soft plaque content in coronary arteries, said instructions comprising instructions configured to instruct the computer to:
 generate an estimate of the soft plaque content within a heart depicted in a medical image, the estimate including a measurement of mass of the soft plaque content; 
 determine a location of the soft plaque content and a measurement of volume of the soft plaque content in the heart; 
 determine a severity state representative of a health of the heart, the severity state determined based on the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content, the location of the soft plaque content, and the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content; and 
 report the severity state of the health of the heart. 
 
     
     
       14. The apparatus of  claim 13  wherein the estimate of the soft plaque content further includes the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content. 
     
     
       15. The apparatus of  claim 13  wherein said severity state is further dependent upon a propensity of the soft plaque content to create a situation leading to a myocardial infarction (MI) of the heart, the propensity based on one or more empirical studies. 
     
     
       16. The apparatus of  claim 13  wherein the instructions instruct the computer to determine a vulnerability index that is dependent upon a composition of the soft plaque content, the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content, the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content, and a distance of the soft plaque content from a branch vessel in the heart. 
     
     
       17. The apparatus of  claim 16  wherein said instructions instruct the computer to use a coronary atlas-based model associating a potential threat of the soft plaque content to the heart to determine the vulnerability index. 
     
     
       18. The apparatus of  claim 17  wherein said instructions instruct the computer to:
 determine a soft plaque score based on the measurement of mass of the soft plaque content and the measurement of volume of the soft plaque content; and 
 determine an overall propensity of risk based upon a weighted combination of the plaque score, the severity state, and the vulnerability index.