Field controllable rotating electric machine system with magnetic excitation part

Abstract

In a magnet-exciting rotating electric machine system, every magnetic salient pole group to be magnetized in a same polarity is collectively magnetized by a magnetic excitation part. In the magnetic excitation part, a main magnetic flux path in which a magnetic flux circulates through the armature and a bypass magnetic flux path are connected to the field magnet in parallel. Magnetic flux amount in each path is controlled by mechanical displacement. Thereby, the rotating electric machine system and the magnetic flux amount control method in which magnetic field control is easy are provided. Also, means and method are provided so that a power required for the displacement may be made small by adjusting magnetic resistance of the above magnetic flux path.

1. A rotating electric machine system comprising:
 an armature having an armature coil; 
 a surface magnetic pole having a plurality of magnetic salient poles arranged in a circumferential direction opposing the armature, said surface magnetic pole and the armature being concentric with each other with respect to an axis of rotation and being capable of rotating relatively to each other; and 
 a magnetic excitation part for magnetizing collectively every group of the magnetic salient poles to be magnetized in a same polarity, the magnetic excitation part including a field magnet, a main magnetic pole and a bypass magnetic pole, and the field magnet having a first magnet pole which represents one of N pole and S pole of the field magnet and a second magnet pole which represents the other pole of the field magnet, the first magnet pole facing the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole; 
 wherein the first magnet pole, the main magnetic pole, the magnetic salient pole, the armature, the bypass magnetic pole and the second magnet pole are arranged to form a main magnetic flux path in which a magnetic flux flowing from the first magnet pole to the main magnetic pole returns to the second magnet pole through the magnetic salient poles and the armature, and a bypass magnetic flux path in which the magnetic flux flowing from the first magnet pole to the bypass magnetic pole returns to the second magnet pole mainly in the magnetic excitation part, the main magnetic flux path and the bypass magnetic flux path being connected to the field magnet in parallel; 
 either one of the field magnet and the unit of the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole is composed as a movable magnetic pole part capable of being relatively displaced to the other one so as to change the area where the first magnet pole faces the main magnetic pole, and the area where the first magnet pole faces the bypass magnetic pole, with a sum of the areas being kept substantially constant; and 
 an amount of the magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled by displacing the movable magnetic pole part according to an output of the rotating electric machine system so that the output is optimized. 
 
     
     
       2. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path and a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path are set almost equal each other as a minimum magnetic force condition. 
 
     
     
       3. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein a magnetic resistance between the bypass magnetic flux path and the main magnetic flux path is established larger than a difference between a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path and a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path. 
 
     
     
       4. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 , further comprising a magnetic resistance adjusting means to adjust a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path or the bypass magnetic flux path,
 wherein a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path or the bypass magnetic flux path is adjusted so that a power required for displacing the movable magnetic pole part may be made into smallness. 
 
     
     
       5. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 4 ,
 wherein a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path and a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path are adjusted to the minimum magnetic force condition by the magnetic resistance adjustment means at a time of changing a magnetic flux amount flowing through the armature. 
 
     
     
       6. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 4 ,
 wherein when increasing a magnetic flux amount flowing through the armature, the magnetic resistance adjustment means adjusts a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path to be smaller or the bypass magnetic flux path thereof to be larger from the minimum magnetic force condition, 
 when decreasing the magnetic flux amount flowing through the armature, the magnetic resistance adjustment means adjusts a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path to be larger or the bypass magnetic flux path thereof to be smaller from the minimum magnetic force condition, and 
 the movable magnetic pole part is made to displace simultaneously. 
 
     
     
       7. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 4 , further comprising:
 a magnetic force detecting means to detect a magnetic force added to the movable magnetic pole part for a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path and magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path deviating from the minimum magnetic force condition; and 
 a control device for supervising a relation between the magnetic force and intermittently changed a parameter of the magnetic resistance adjusting means or a relation between the magnetic force and a parameter of the magnetic resistance adjusting means during normal operation, setting up said parameter making the magnetic force smaller as the minimum magnetic force condition. 
 
     
     
       8. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 4 ,
 wherein a gap length adjusting means to adjust a gap length in an air gap disposed in the bypass magnetic flux path is provided for the magnetic resistance adjusting means, and 
 a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path is adjusted so that a power required for displacing the movable magnetic pole part may be made into smallness. 
 
     
     
       9. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 4 ,
 wherein a magnetic resistance adjusting coil wound around the bypass magnetic flux path is provided for the magnetic resistance adjusting means, and 
 a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path is adjusted by supplying a predetermined current to the magnetic resistance adjusting coil so that a power required for displacing the movable magnetic pole part may be made into smallness. 
 
     
     
       10. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 4 ,
 wherein means to supply a predetermined current to the armature coil for driving a rotor in acceleration or deceleration direction is provided for the magnetic resistance adjusting means, and 
 a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path is adjusted effectively by supplying the predetermined current to the armature coil at a time of displacing the movable magnetic pole part so that a power required for displacing the movable magnetic pole part may be made into smallness. 
 
     
     
       11. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 4 ,
 wherein a predetermined constant current load is provided for the magnetic resistance adjusting means, and 
 the predetermined constant current load is connected to the armature coil at a time of displacing the movable magnetic pole part, a predetermined current is made to flow in the armature coil by an induced voltage, and a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path is adjusted effectively so that a power required for displacing the movable magnetic pole part may be made into smallness. 
 
     
     
       12. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein a part of a magnetic flux path from the field magnet to the magnetic salient pole is made of a magnetic material having larger conductivity on the average than the magnetic salient pole. 
 
     
     
       13. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein in the magnetic excitation part, the field magnet and a non-magnetic portion are disposed one after another in a circumferential direction, 
 the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole are composed to line side by side in a circumferential direction oppositely to the first magnet pole, and 
 the field magnet and a unit of the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole are composed so as to be capable of being relatively displaced in a circumferential direction. 
 
     
     
       14. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole are composed to line in an axial direction oppositely to the first magnet pole of the field magnet, and 
 the field magnet and a unit of the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole are composed so as to be capable of being relatively displaced in an axial direction. 
 
     
     
       15. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 , further comprising a displacement regulating means for keeping a position of the movable magnetic pole part within a range that an area of the first magnet pole of the field magnet opposed to the main magnetic pole and an area of the first magnet pole opposed to the bypass magnetic pole are changed while a sum of the area of each above is maintained to be constant. 
     
     
       16. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the armature further includes a magnetic yoke disposed around an axis, 
 the surface magnetic pole part is disposed in a rotor side and has the magnetic salient pole and a non-magnetic portion disposed one after another in a circumferential direction, and 
 the magnetic excitation part is disposed so as to magnetize the magnetic salient pole in a same polarity. 
 
     
     
       17. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the surface magnetic pole part and the armature are opposed in a radial direction, 
 each rotor has the surface magnetic pole part having the magnetic salient pole and a non-magnetic portion disposed one after another in a circumferential direction, 
 two rotors are disposed axially so that the magnetic salient pole of one rotor corresponds to the non-magnetic portion of the other rotor, and 
 the magnetic excitation part is disposed so as to magnetize the magnetic salient pole of the two rotors to be different polarity from each other. 
 
     
     
       18. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the surface magnetic pole part has the magnetic salient pole and a non-magnetic portion disposed one after another in a circumferential direction, and 
 the magnetic excitation part is disposed so as to magnetize the contiguous magnetic salient pole to be different polarity from each other. 
 
     
     
       19. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the surface magnetic pole part has the magnetic salient pole and a permanent magnet with approximately circumferential direction magnetization disposed one after another in a circumferential direction, 
 a magnetization direction of the contiguous permanent magnet is arranged inversely to each other so that the contiguous magnetic salient pole is magnetized in different polarity from each other, and 
 the magnetic excitation part is disposed so that the magnetic excitation part and the permanent magnet magnetize the magnetic salient pole to a same polarity. 
 
     
     
       20. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein a permanent magnet assembly having permanent magnet plates with same approximately circumferential direction magnetization on both sides of a magnetic material is an equivalent permanent magnet, 
 the surface magnetic pole part has the magnetic salient pole and the permanent magnet assembly with approximately circumferential direction magnetization disposed one after another in a circumferential direction, 
 a magnetization direction of the contiguous permanent magnet assembly is arranged inversely to each other so that the contiguous magnetic salient pole is magnetized in different polarity from each other, and 
 the magnetic excitation part is disposed so that the magnetic excitation part and the permanent magnet assembly magnetize the magnetic salient pole to a same polarity. 
 
     
     
       21. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the surface magnetic pole part and the armature are opposed in a radial direction, 
 the surface magnetic pole part is disposed in a rotor side and is composed so that contiguous magnetic salient poles are extended to different directions from each other along a axial direction and extended portions are served as a first extension part and a second extension part according to an extended axial direction, and 
 the magnetic excitation part is disposed in the rotor and magnetizes contiguous magnetic salient poles to be different polarities from each other through the first extension part and the second extension part. 
 
     
     
       22. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 , further comprising a magnetic yoke disposed in the armature,
 wherein the surface magnetic pole part and the armature are opposed in a radial direction, 
 the surface magnetic pole part is disposed in a rotor side and is composed so that contiguous magnetic salient poles are extended to different directions from each other along a axial direction and extended portions are served as a first extension part and a second extension part according to an extended axial direction, and 
 two magnetic excitation parts are disposed on a stationary side opposing to both ends of a rotor respectively through an air gap, and supply a magnetic flux between the first extension part and the magnetic yoke, and between the second extension part and the magnetic yoke respectively so that contiguous magnetic salient poles are magnetized to be different polarities from each other. 
 
     
     
       23. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the surface magnetic pole part and the armature are opposed in a radial direction, 
 the surface magnetic pole part is disposed in a rotor side and is composed so that contiguous magnetic salient poles are extended to an axial direction and a radial direction from each other and extended portions are served as a first extension part and a second extension part according to the extended direction, and 
 the magnetic excitation part are disposed on a stationary side of an end of a rotor through an air gap, and supplies a magnetic flux between the first extension part and the second extension part so that contiguous magnetic salient poles are magnetized to be different polarities from each other. 
 
     
     
       24. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 , further comprising a mechanism to maintain a displacement position of the movable magnetic pole part,
 wherein an amount of the magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled intermittently. 
 
     
     
       25. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 , further comprising a control device,
 wherein a rotational force is an input, 
 the control device makes the movable magnetic pole part displace so as to set an opposed area between the first magnet pole and the main magnetic pole to be smaller when a power generation voltage induced in an armature coil is larger than a predetermined value, and makes the movable magnetic pole part displace so as to set the opposed area between the first magnet pole and the main magnetic pole to be larger when the power generation voltage is smaller than the predetermined value, and 
 the power generation voltage is controlled to be the predetermined value. 
 
     
     
       26. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 , further comprising a control device,
 wherein a current supplied to an armature coil is an input, and 
 the control device makes the movable magnetic pole part displace so as to set an opposed area between the first magnet pole and the main magnetic pole to be smaller when a rotational speed is larger than a predetermined value and an amount of a magnetic flux flowing through the armature is to be reduced, and makes the movable magnetic pole part displace so as to set an opposed area between the first magnet pole and the main magnetic pole to be larger when the rotational speed is smaller than the predetermined value and an amount of a magnetic flux flowing through the armature is to be increased, and thereby a rotational force is optimally controlled. 
 
     
     
       27. The rotating electric machine system according to  claim 1 , further comprising a control device,
 wherein a current supplied to an armature coil is an input, a rotational force is an output, 
 when a rotational speed is to be reduced, the control device makes the movable magnetic pole part displace so that an opposed area between the first magnet pole and the main magnetic pole becomes larger, and an amount of a magnetic flux flowing through the armature becomes larger to take out a rotational energy as a power generation output. 
 
     
     
       28. A rotating electric machine system comprising:
 an armature having an armature coil; 
 a surface magnetic pole having a plurality of magnetic salient poles arranged in a circumferential direction opposing the armature, said surface magnetic pole and the armature being concentric with each other with respect to an axis of rotation and being capable of rotating relatively to each other; and 
 a magnetic excitation part for magnetizing collectively every group of the magnetic salient poles to be magnetized in a same polarity, the magnetic excitation part including a field magnet, a main magnetic pole and a bypass magnetic pole, and the field magnet having a first magnet pole which represents one of N pole and S pole of the field magnet and a second magnet pole which represents the other pole of the field magnet, the first magnet pole facing the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole; 
 wherein the first magnet pole, the main magnetic pole, the magnetic salient pole, the armature, the bypass magnetic pole and the second magnet pole are arranged to form a main magnetic flux path in which a magnetic flux flowing from the first magnet pole to the main magnetic pole returns to the second magnet pole through the magnetic salient poles and the armature, and a bypass magnetic flux path in which the magnetic flux flowing from the first magnet pole to the bypass magnetic pole returns to the second magnet pole mainly in the magnetic excitation part, the main magnetic flux path and the bypass magnetic flux path being connected to the field magnet in parallel; 
 a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path and a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path are set almost equal each other; 
 either one of the field magnet and the unit of the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole is composed as a movable magnetic pole part capable of being relatively displaced to the other one so as to change the area where the first magnet pole faces the main magnetic pole, and the area where the first magnet pole faces the bypass magnetic pole, with a sum of the areas being kept substantially constant; and 
 an amount of the magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled by displacing the movable magnetic pole part according to an output of the rotating electric machine system so that the output is optimized. 
 
     
     
       29. A method for controlling an amount of a magnetic flux flowing through an armature of a rotating electric machine including the armature having an armature coil, a surface magnetic pole part having a plurality of magnetic salient poles arranged in a circumferential direction opposing the armature, and a magnetic excitation part for magnetizing collectively every group of the magnetic salient pole to be magnetized in a same polarity, the surface magnetic pole part and the armature opposing each other and concentric with respect to a rotational axis, said method comprising:
 setting that one of N pole and S pole of the field magnet serves as a first magnet pole, and the other pole of the field magnet works as a second magnet pole, 
 locating the first magnet pole to face a main magnetic pole and a bypass magnetic pole, 
 arranging the first magnet pole, the second magnet pole, the main magnetic pole, the bypass magnetic pole, the magnetic salient pole and the armature to form a main magnetic flux path for a magnetic flux circulating from the first magnet pole to the second magnet pole through the main magnetic pole and the magnetic salient pole and the armature, and a bypass magnetic flux path for a magnetic flux circulating from the first magnet pole to the second magnet pole mainly in the magnetic excitation part through the bypass magnetic pole, the main magnetic flux path and the bypass magnetic flux path being connected to the field magnet in parallel; 
 composing either one of the field magnet and a unit of the main magnetic pole and the bypass magnetic pole as a movable magnetic pole part relatively displaceable to the other to change an area of the first magnet pole facing the main magnetic pole and an area of the first magnet pole facing the bypass magnetic pole while a sum of the areas is kept substantially constant according to displacement of the movable magnetic pole part; and 
 displacing the movable magnetic pole part to control an amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature. 
 
     
     
       30. The method of controlling an amount of the magnetic flux according to  claim 29  further comprising:
 setting a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path and a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path almost equal each other as a minimum magnetic force condition. 
 
     
     
       31. The method of controlling an amount of the magnetic flux according to  claim 29 , further comprising:
 providing a magnetic resistance adjusting means to adjust a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path or the bypass magnetic flux path; and 
 adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path or the bypass magnetic flux path so that a power required for displacing the movable magnetic pole part may be made into smallness. 
 
     
     
       32. The method of controlling an amount of the magnetic flux according to  claim 31 , further comprising:
 adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path and a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path to the minimum magnetic force condition at a time of changing a magnetic flux amount flowing through the armature. 
 
     
     
       33. The method of controlling an amount of the magnetic flux according to  claim 31 , further comprising:
 adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path to be smaller or a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path to be larger from the minimum magnetic force condition at a time of increasing a magnetic flux amount flowing through the armature; 
 adjusting a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path to be larger or a magnetic resistance of the bypass magnetic flux path to be smaller from the minimum magnetic force condition at a time of decreasing the magnetic flux amount; and 
 displacing the movable magnetic pole part simultaneously. 
 
     
     
       34. The method for controlling an amount of the magnetic flux according to  claim 31 , further comprising:
 detecting a magnetic force added to the movable magnetic pole part for a magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path and the bypass magnetic flux path deviating from the minimum magnetic force condition; 
 supervising a relation between the magnetic force and intermittently changed a parameter of the magnetic resistance adjusting means or a relation between the magnetic force and a parameter of the magnetic resistance adjusting means during normal operation; and 
 setting up the parameter to make the magnetic force smaller as the minimum magnetic force condition.