Fractal counterpoise, groundplanes, loads, and resonators

Abstract

Antenna and related structures and circuits are described having a ground plane or ground counterpoise system that has at least one element whose shape, at least is part, is substantially a deterministic fractal of iteration order N≧1. Using fractal geometry, the antenna ground counterpoise has a self-similar structure resulting from the repetition of a design or motif (or “generator”) that is replicated using rotation, and/or translation, and/or scaling. The fractal element will have x-axis, y-axis coordinates for a next iteration N+1 defined by x n+1 =f(X N′ yb N ) and y N+1 =g(X N′ y N′ where X N′ y N define coordinates for a preceding iteration, and where f(x,y) and g(x,y) are functions defining the fractal motif and behavior, in another aspect, a vertical antenna is top-loaded with a so-called top-hat assembly that includes at least one fractal element.

1. An antenna and circuit combination comprising:
 an antenna electrically connected to a transceiver circuit, wherein the antenna is a non-spiral mode antenna and includes at least a planar portion defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧2, wherein the deterministic fractal is not defined by an opening angle, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with the antenna. 
 
     
     
       2. The antenna and circuit combination of  claim 1 , further comprising a ground plane disposed adjacent to the antenna. 
     
     
       3. A ground plane and circuit combination comprising:
 a first ground plane disposed adjacent to a transceiver circuit, wherein the first ground plane is planar and non-spiral and defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧2, wherein the deterministic fractal is not defined by an opening angle, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna. 
 
     
     
       4. The ground plane and circuit combination of  claim 3 , further comprising a second ground plane disposed adjacent to the first ground plane. 
     
     
       5. The ground plane and circuit combination of  claim 4 , wherein the second ground plane includes a portion that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧2. 
     
     
       6. An antenna counterpoise and circuit combination comprising:
 a first antenna counterpoise disposed adjacent to a transceiver circuit, wherein the first antenna counterpoise is planar and non-spiral and defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧2 for at least a portion of the first antenna counterpoise, wherein the deterministic fractal is not defined by an opening angle, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna. 
 
     
     
       7. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of  claim 6 , further comprising a ground plane disposed adjacent to the first antenna counterpoise. 
     
     
       8. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of  claim 7 , further comprising a second antenna counterpoise disposed adjacent to the first antenna counterpoise. 
     
     
       9. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of  claim 8 , wherein the second antenna counterpoise includes a portion that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧2. 
     
     
       10. An antenna resonator filter and circuit combination comprising:
 a first antenna resonator filter disposed adjacent to a transceiver circuit, wherein the first antenna resonator filter includes a planar portion that is non-spiral and defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧2, wherein the deterministic fractal is not defined by an opening angle, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna. 
 
     
     
       11. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of  claim 10 , further comprising a ground plane disposed adjacent to the first antenna resonator. 
     
     
       12. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of  claim 10 , further comprising an antenna counterpoise disposed adjacent to the circuit. 
     
     
       13. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of  claim 10 , further comprising a second antenna resonator filter disposed adjacent to the circuit. 
     
     
       14. The antenna resonator filter and circuit of  claim 13 , wherein the second antenna resonator filter includes a portion that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧2.