Channel equalizer and method of processing broadcast signal in DTV receiving system

Abstract

A channel equalizer includes a first transformer, an estimator, an average calculator, a second transformer, a coefficient calculator, a compensator, and a third transformer. The first transformer converts normal data into frequency domain data, where a known data sequence is periodically repeated in the normal data. The estimator estimates channel impulse responses (CIR) during known data intervals adjacent to each normal data block. The average calculator calculates an average value of the CIRs. The second transformer converts the average value into frequency domain data. The coefficient calculator calculates equalization coefficients using the average value, and the compensator compensates channel distortion of each normal data block using the coefficients. The third transformer converts the compensated data block into time domain data.

1. A method of processing a digital broadcast signal for transmitting the digital broadcast signal, the method comprising:
 Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) encoding enhanced service data to build at least one Reed-Solomon (RS) frame of the enhanced service data; 
 encoding the enhanced service data in the at least one built RS frame at a coding rate of at least 1/2 or 1/4 to output symbols; 
 forming a data group including the encoded enhanced service data, a plurality of known data sequences and place holder bytes for main service data, MPEG headers and RS parity data; 
 removing the place holder bytes for the main service data and the RS parity data which are included in the data group and replacing the place holder bytes for the MPEG headers with the MPEG headers, and outputting enhanced service data packets; 
 multiplexing the output enhanced service data packets and main service data packets including main service data; and 
 interleaving the enhanced service data and the main service data of the multiplexed enhanced and main service data packets in the data group, 
 wherein the data group, having the interleaved enhanced service data and the interleaved main service data, includes first segments, second segments and third segments, the second segments being positioned between the first and third segments, the first segments having enhanced service data and main service data, the second segments having enhanced service data and the plurality of known data sequences, and the third segments having enhanced service data and main service data, 
 wherein the enhanced service data in the first, second and third segments are encoded by non-systematic RS encoding, the main service data in the first and third segments are encoded by systematic RS encoding, and at least two of the plurality of known data sequences have different patterns. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 randomizing the main service data in the multiplexed enhanced and main service data packets and bypassing the enhanced service data in the multiplexed enhanced and main service data packets. 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , wherein encoding the enhanced service data comprises:
 converting data bytes of the enhanced service data included in the at least one built RS frame into data bits; and 
 encoding the converted data bits at a coding rate of at least 1/2 or 1/4 to output symbols. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 3 , wherein encoding the enhanced service data further comprises:
 interleaving the output symbols; and 
 converting the interleaved symbols into data bytes of the enhanced service data. 
 
     
     
       5. An apparatus for processing a digital broadcast signal for transmitting the digital broadcast signal, the apparatus comprising:
 a Reed-Solomon (RS) frame encoder configured to Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) encode enhanced service data to build at least one RS frame of the enhanced service data; 
 a block processor configured to encode the enhanced service data in the at least one built RS frame at a coding rate of at least 1/2 or 1/4 to output symbols; 
 a group formatter configured to form a data group including the encoded enhanced service data, a plurality of known data sequences and place holder bytes for main service data, MPEG headers, and RS parity data; 
 a packet formatter configured to remove the place holder bytes for the main service data and the RS parity data which are included in the data group and replace the place holder bytes for the MPEG headers with the MPEG headers, and output enhanced service data packets; 
 a packet multiplexer configured to multiplex the output enhanced service data packets and main service data packets including main service data; and 
 a data interleaver configured to interleave the enhanced service data and the main service data of the multiplexed enhanced and main service data packets in the data group, 
 wherein: 
 the data group, having the interleaved enhanced service data and the interleaved main service data, includes first segments, second segments, and third segments, the second segments being positioned between the first and third segments, the first segments having enhanced service data and main service data, the second segments having enhanced service data and the plurality of known data sequences and the third segments having enhanced service data and main service data, and 
 the enhanced service data in the first, second and third segments are encoded by non-systematic RS encoding, the main service data in the first and third segments are encoded by systematic RS encoding, and at least two of the plurality of known data sequences have different patterns. 
 
     
     
       6. The apparatus of  claim 5 , further comprising:
 a modified data randomizer configured to randomize the main service data in the multiplexed enhanced and main service data packets and bypass the enhanced service data in the multiplexed enhanced and main service data packets. 
 
     
     
       7. The apparatus of  claim 5 , wherein the block processor is further configured to convert data bytes of the enhanced service data included in the at least one built RS frame into data bits and encode the converted data bits at a coding rate of at least 1/2 or 1/4 to output symbols. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7 , wherein the block processor is further configured to interleave the output symbols and convert the interleaved symbols into data bytes of the enhanced service data.