Startup protocol for high throughput communications systems

Abstract

A startup protocol is provided for use in a communications system having a plurality of transceivers, one transceiver acting as a master and another transceiver acting as slave, each transceiver having a noise reduction system, a timing recovery system and at least one equalizer. The operation of the startup protocol is partitioned into three stages. During the first stage the timing recovery system and the equalizer of the slave are trained and the noise reduction system of the master is trained. During the second stage the timing recovery system of the master is trained in both frequency and phase, the equalizer of the master is trained and the noise reduction system of the slave is trained. During the third stage the noise reduction system of the master is retrained, the timing recovery system of the master is retrained in phase and the timing recovery system of the slave is retrained in both frequency and phase. The protocol then enters a fourth stage in which the master transceiver and the slave transceiver are ready to communicate with each other.

1. A startup protocol for use in a communications system having a plurality of transceivers, one transceiver acting as a master and another transceiver acting as slave, each transceiver having a noise reduction system, a timing recovery system and at least one equalizer, said protocol comprising the steps of:
 executing a first stage during which the timing recovery system and the equalizer of the slave are trained and the noise reduction system of the master is trained; 
 executing a second stage during which the timing recovery system of the master is trained in both frequency and phase, the equalizer of the master is trained and the noise reduction system of the slave is trained; and 
 executing a third stage during which the noise reduction system of the master is retrained, the timing recovery system of the master is retrained in phase and the timing recovery system of the slave is retrained in both frequency and phase. 
 
     
     
       2. The startup protocol of  claim 1  further comprising the steps of:
 initiating the first stage; 
 transitioning from the first stage to the second stage; and 
 transitioning from the second stage to the third stage. 
 
     
     
       3. The startup protocol of  claim 2  wherein each stage is of a fixed time duration and the transitioning between stages occurs upon completion of the time duration. 
     
     
       4. The startup protocol of  claim 3  wherein the time duration of the stages are substantially equal. 
     
     
       5. The startup protocol of  claim 2  wherein the step of initiating the first stage comprises the steps of:
 transmitting a signal from the master to the slave; 
 detecting the signal at the slave; and 
 if the slave is transmitting, ceasing transmission from the slave. 
 
     
     
       6. The startup protocol of  claim 2  wherein the step of transitioning from the first stage to the second stage comprises the steps of:
 transmitting a signal from the slave to the master; 
 detecting the signal of the master; and 
 ceasing transmission from the master. 
 
     
     
       7. The startup protocol of  claim 6  wherein the transmission of the signal from the slave occurs upon completion of the training of the timing recovery system and the equalizer of the slave. 
     
     
       8. The startup protocol of  claim 2  wherein the step of transitioning from the second stage to the third stage comprises the steps of:
 transmitting a signal from the master to the slave; 
 detecting the signal at the slave; and 
 continuing transmission from the slave. 
 
     
     
       9. The startup protocol of  claim 8  wherein the transmission of the signal from the master occurs upon completion of the training of the timing recovery system and the equalizer of the master. 
     
     
       10. A startup protocol for use in a communications system having a master transceiver at one end of a communications line and a slave transceiver at the opposite end of the communications line, each transceiver having a near-end noise reduction system, a far-end noise reduction system, a timing recovery system and at least one equalizer, said protocol comprising the steps of:
 during a first phase: 
 maintaining the master in a half-duplex mode during which it transmits a signal but does not receive any signals, maintaining the slave in a half-duplex mode during which it receives the signal from the master but does not transmit any signals, converging the master near-end noise reduction system, adjusting frequency and phase of the signal received by the slave such that the frequency and phase are synchronized with frequency and phase of the signal transmitted by the master, converging the equalizer of the slave; 
 during a second phase: 
 maintaining the slave in a half-duplex mode during which it transmits a signal but does not receive any signals, said slave transmitting using a free-running clock, maintaining the master in a half-duplex mode during which it receives the signal from the slave but does not transmit any signals, converging the slave near-end noise reduction system, adjusting frequency and phase of the signal received by the master such that the frequency and phase are synchronized with frequency and phase of the signal transmitted by the slave, converging the equalizer of the master; and 
 during a third phase: 
 maintaining the slave in a full-duplex mode such that the slave transmits and receives signals, maintaining the master in a full-duplex mode such that the master transmits and receives signals, reconverging the master near-end noise reduction system, adjusting a phase of the signal received by the master such that the phase is synchronized with a phase of the signal transmitted by the slave, adjusting frequency and phase of the signal received by the slave such that the frequency and phase are synchronized with frequency and phase of the signal transmitted by the master. 
 
     
     
       11. The startup protocol of  claim 10  wherein the near-end noise reduction system include an echo canceller and a NEXT cancellation system, the far-end noise reduction system includes a FEXT cancellation system and, during the first phase, the step of converging the master noise reduction system comprises the steps of adjusting the coefficients of the master echo canceller and the NEXT cancellation system and, during the second phase, the step of converging the slave noise reduction system comprises the steps of adjusting the coefficients of the slave echo canceller and the NEXT cancellation system and the protocol further comprises the steps of:
 during the first phase, converging the slave far-end noise reduction system by adjusting the coefficients of the FEXT cancellation system; and 
 during the second phase, converging the master far-end noise reduction system by adjusting the coefficients of the FEXT cancellation system. 
 
     
     
       12. The startup protocol of  claim 10  wherein the master near-end noise reduction system includes an echo canceller and, during the first phase, the step of converging the master near-end noise reduction system comprises the step of adjusting the coefficients of the echo canceller and the protocol further comprises the step of:
 during the second phase, discarding the coefficients of the echo canceller. 
 
     
     
       13. The startup protocol of  claim 10  wherein the master near-end noise reduction system includes a NEXT cancellation system and, during the first phase, the step of converging the master near-end noise reduction system comprises the step of adjusting the coefficients of the NEXT cancellation system and the protocol further comprises the step of:
 during the second phase, discarding the coefficients of the NEXT cancellation system. 
 
     
     
       14. A startup protocol for use in a communications system having a plurality of transceivers, a first one of the transceivers acting as a master and a second one of the transceivers acting as a slave, each of the first and second ones of the transceivers including a transmitter and a receiver, comprising the steps of:
 initially operating, in a first phase, the first transceiver only as a transmitter and the second transceiver only as a receiver and adjusting timing of the second transceiver in accordance with timing of the first transceiver and minimizing a change in the operation of the first transceiver as a transmitter as a result of the operation of the first transceiver as a receiver, thereafter operating, in a second phase, the first transceiver only as a receiver and the second transceiver only as a transmitter and adjusting the timing of the first transceiver in accordance with the timing of the second transceiver and minimizing a change in the operation of the second transceiver as a transmitter as a result of the operation of the second transceiver as a receiver, and thereafter operating, in a third phase, the first and second transceivers simultaneously as transmitters and receivers, to adjust and fix the change in the operation of the first transceiver as a transmitter as a result of the operation of the first transceiver as a receiver. 
 
     
     
       15. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 14  wherein in the third phase, the first transceiver adjusts and fixes a phase of the first transceiver in accordance with the timing of the second transceiver. 
     
     
       16. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 15  wherein the time for the initiation of the operation in the second phase is at a fixed time after the initiation of the operation in the first phase and the time for the initiation of the operation in the third phase is at a fixed time after the initiation in the operation of the second phase. 
     
     
       17. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 14  wherein the transmission of data between the first one of the transceivers and the second one of the transceivers is initiated at the end of the third phase. 
     
     
       18. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 14  wherein in the third phase, the timing of the second transceiver in accordance with the timing of the first transceiver is adjusted and fixed and a phase of the first transceiver in accordance with the timing of the second transceiver is adjusted and fixed. 
     
     
       19. A timing protocol as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the time for the initiation of the operation in the second phase is at a fixed time after the initiation of the operation in the first phase and the time for the initiation of the operation in the third phase is at a fixed time after the initiation in the operation in the second phase. 
     
     
       20. A timing protocol as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the transmission of data between the first one of the transceivers and the second one of the transceivers is initiated at the end of the third phase. 
     
     
       21. A startup protocol for use in a communications system having plurality of transceivers;
 a first one of the transceivers acting as a master and a second one of the transceivers acting as a slave, each transceiver including a transmitter and a receiver, comprising the steps of: 
 initially operating each of the first and second transceivers only as a transmitter and the other of the first and second transceivers only as a receiver to minimize a change in the operation of the transmitting transceiver transmitter as a result of the operation of the transmitting transceiver receiver and to provide adjustments in timing of the receiving transceiver in accordance with timing of the transmitting transceiver, and thereafter operating each of the first and second transceivers simultaneously both as a transmitter and a receiver to minimize a change in the operation of the transmitter in the first transceiver as a result of the operation of the receiver in the first transceiver and to provide adjustments in the timing of each transceiver in accordance with the timing of the other transceiver. 
 
     
     
       22. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 21  wherein the timing of the receiver in each of the first and second transceivers is initially adjusted to provide adjustments in the timing in the transceiver acting as a receiver in accordance with the timing in the transceiver acting as a transmitter. 
     
     
       23. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 22  wherein each of the transceivers transmits signals to the other transceiver when acting as a transmitter and a phase of the signals received in the first transceiver is thereafter adjusted and fixed, during the operation of each of the first and second transceivers as a transmitter and a receiver, in accordance with the timing of the transmitter in the second transceiver. 
     
     
       24. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 23  wherein the timing of the receiver in the second transceiver is thereafter adjusted and fixed, during the operation of each of the first and second transceivers as a transmitter and a receiver, in accordance with the timing of the transmitter in the first transceiver. 
     
     
       25. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 23  wherein the timing of the receiver in the second transceiver is initially adjusted in accordance with the timing of the transmitter in the first transceiver and wherein the timing of the receiver in the second transceiver is thereafter adjusted and fixed, during the operation of each of the first and second transceivers as a transmitter and a receiver, in accordance with the timing of the transmitter in the first transceiver. 
     
     
       26. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 25  wherein the timing of the receiver in the first transceiver is thereafter adjusted and fixed, during the operation of each of the first and second transceivers as a transmitter and a receiver, in accordance with the timing of the transmitter in the second transceiver. 
     
     
       27. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 25  wherein frequency and phase of the receiver in the second transceiver are initially adjusted in accordance with the timing of the transmitter in the first transceiver and wherein the frequency and phase of the receiver in the second transceiver are thereafter adjusted and fixed, during the operation of each of the first and second transceivers as a transmitter and a receiver, in accordance with the timing of the transmitter in the first transceiver. 
     
     
       28. A startup protocol as set forth in  claim 27  wherein the phase of the receiver in the first transceiver is thereafter adjusted and fixed, during the operation of each of the first and second transceivers as a transmitter and a receiver, in accordance with the timing of the transmitter in the second transceiver.