Compounds, compositions and methods of using same for modulating uric acid levels

Abstract

Described herein are compounds useful in the modulation of blood uric acid levels, formulations containing them and methods of making and using them. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are used in the treatment or prevention of disorders related to aberrant levels of uric acid.

1. A compound having the following structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or tautomer thereof, 
         wherein: 
         W is O or S; 
         R 1  is H, F, Cl, Br, I, —CH 2 F, —CF 2 H, —CF 3 , —CN, —OH, —NO 2 , —NH 2 , —NH(C 1-4 alkyl), —N(C 1-4 alkyl)(C 1-4 -alkyl), —SO 2 CH 3 , —SO 2 NH 2 , —SO 2 NHCH 3 , C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkenyl, C 1-4 -alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 1-6 heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl; 
         R d  is F, Cl, Br, I, CF 3 , aryl, heteroaryl, CN, NO 2 , NH 2 , NHR′, OH, OR′, SH, SR′, C(O)R′, CO 2 H, COOR′, CONH 2 , CONHR′, CONR′R″, SO 3 H, SO 3 R′, S(O) 2 R′, S(O) 2 NH 2 , S(O) 2 NHR′, or S(O) 2 NR′R″; 
         R d1  is zero to four substituents independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, CN, NH 2 , NHR′, NR′R″, OH, OR′, SH, SR′, C(O)R′, CO 2 H, COOR′, CONH 2 , CONHR′, CONR′R″, SO 3 H, S(O) 2 R′, S(O) 2 NH 2 , S(O) 2 NHR′, or S(O) 2 NR′R″;
 each R′ is independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl or phenyl; 
 each R″ is independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl or phenyl; or 
 R′ and R″ are together with the atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated 4-, 5- or 6-membered ring; 
 
         R x  and R x′  are each independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, CN, NH 2 , NHR′, NR′R″, OH, OR′, SH, SR′, C(O)R′, CO 2 H, COOR′, CONH 2 , CONHR′, CONR′R″, SO 3 H, S(O) 2 R′, S(O) 2 NH 2 , S(O) 2 NHR′, or S(O) 2 NR′R″; or 
         R x  and R x′  together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted non-aromatic 3-7 membered ring, optionally comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; 
         B 3  is OB 1 , NB 2   2 , or an amino acid residue or an alkyl ester thereof;
 B 1  is H, optionally substituted C 1-6  alkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and 
 each B 2  is independently H or optionally substituted alkyl. 
 
       
     
     
       2. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein W is S. 
     
     
       3. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein W is O. 
     
     
       4. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein B 3  is OB 1 . 
     
     
       5. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein B 1  is an alkali earth metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation. 
     
     
       6. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein B 3  is NB 2   2 . 
     
     
       7. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein B 3  is an amino acid residue or lower alkyl ester thereof. 
     
     
       8. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R x  and R x′  are independently H, F, CF 3 , or methyl. 
     
     
       9. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R x  is F and R x1  is F. 
     
     
       10. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is H, F, Cl, Br, CH 2 F, CF 2 H, CF 3 , NH 2 , or CH 3 . 
     
     
       11. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is Br. 
     
     
       12. The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R d  is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CF 3 , or CN. 
     
     
       13. A compound having the following structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or tautomer thereof, 
         wherein: 
         W is O or S; 
         R 1  is H, F, Cl, Br, I, —CH 2 F, —CF 2 H, —CF 3 , —CN, —OH, —NO 2 , —NH 2 , —NH(C 1-4 alkyl), —N(C 1-4 alkyl)(C 1-4 alkyl), —SO 2 CH 3 , —SO 2 NH 2 , —SO 2 NHCH 3 , —CO 2 —C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkenyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 S-alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 1-6 heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl; 
         R d  is H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, CN, NO 2 , NH 2 , NHR′, NR′R″, OH, OR′, SH, SR′, C(O)R′, CO 2 H, COOR′, CONH 2 , CONHR′, CONR′R″, SO 3 H, SO 3 R′, S(O) 2 R′, S(O) 2 NH 2 , S(O) 2 NHR′, or S(O) 2 NR′R″; 
         R d1  is zero to four substituents independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, CN, NH 2 , NHR′, NR′R″, OH, OR′, SH, SR′, C(O)R′, CO 2 H, COOR′, CONH 2 , CONHR′, CONR′R″, SO 3 H, S(O) 2 R′, S(O) 2 NH 2 , S(O) 2 NHR′, or S(O) 2 NR′R″;
 each R′ is independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl or phenyl; 
 each R″ is independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl or phenyl; or 
 R′ and R″ are together with the atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated 4-, 5- or 6-membered ring; 
 
         R x  is F, Cl, Br, I, or C 1 -C 3  fluoroalkyl; 
         R x′  is independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, CN, NH 2 , NHR′, NR′R″, OH, OR′, SH, SR′, C(O)R′, CO 2 H, COOR′, CONH 2 , CONHR′, CONR′R″, SO 3 H, S(O) 2 R′, S(O) 2 NH 2 , S(O) 2 NHR′, or S(O) 2 NR′R″; and 
         B 3  is OB 1 , NB 2   2 , or an amino acid residue or an alkyl ester thereof;
 B 1  is H, optionally substituted C 1-6  alkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and 
 each B 2  is independently H or optionally substituted alkyl. 
 
       
     
     
       14. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein W is S. 
     
     
       15. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein W is O. 
     
     
       16. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein B 3  is OB 1 . 
     
     
       17. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein B 1  is an alkali earth metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation. 
     
     
       18. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein B 3  is NB 2   2 . 
     
     
       19. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein B 3  is an amino acid residue or lower alkyl ester thereof. 
     
     
       20. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein R x  and R x′  are independently H, F, methyl, or CF 3 . 
     
     
       21. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein R x  is F and R x1  is F. 
     
     
       22. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein R 1  is H, F, Cl, Br, CH 2 F, CF 2 H, CF 3 , NH 2 , or CH 3 . 
     
     
       23. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein R 1  is Br. 
     
     
       24. The compound of  claim 13 , wherein R d  is F, Cl, Br, I, CF 3 , or CN. 
     
     
       25. A compound having the following structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or tautomer thereof, 
         wherein: 
         W is O or S; 
         R 1  is halo or haloalkyl; 
         R d  is H; 
         R d1  is zero to four substituents independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, CN, NH 2 , NHR′, NR′R″, OH, OR′, SH, SR′, C(O)R′, CO 2 H, COOR′, CONH 2 , CONHR′, CONR′R″, SO 3 H, S(O) 2 R′, S(O) 2 NH 2 , S(O) 2 NHR′, or S(O) 2 NR′R″;
 each R′ is independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl or phenyl; 
 each R″ is independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl or phenyl; or 
 R′ and R″ are together with the atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated 4-, 5- or 6-membered ring; 
 
         R x  and R x′  are each independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, CN, NH 2 , NHR′, NR′R″, OH, OR′, SH, SR′, C(O)R′, CO 2 H, COOR′, CONH 2 , CONHR′, CONR′R″, SO 3 H, S(O) 2 R′, S(O) 2 NH 2 , S(O) 2 NHR′, or S(O) 2 NR′R″; or 
         R x  and R x′  together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted non-aromatic 3-7 membered ring, optionally comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; 
         B 3  is OB 1 , NB 2   2 , or an amino acid residue or an alkyl ester thereof;
 B 1  is H, optionally substituted C 1-6  alkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and 
 each B 2  is independently H or optionally substituted alkyl. 
 
       
     
     
       26. The compound of  claim 25 , wherein W is S. 
     
     
       27. The compound of  claim 25 , wherein W is O. 
     
     
       28. The compound of  claim 25 , wherein B 3  is OB 1 . 
     
     
       29. The compound of  claim 25 , wherein B 1  is an alkali earth metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation. 
     
     
       30. The compound of  claim 25 , wherein B 3  is NB 2   2 . 
     
     
       31. The compound of  claim 25 , wherein B 3  is an amino acid residue or lower alkyl ester thereof. 
     
     
       32. The compound of  claim 25 , wherein R x  and R x1  are independently H, F, CF 3 , or methyl. 
     
     
       33. The compound of  claim 25 , wherein R x  is methyl and R x1  is methyl. 
     
     
       34. A method of treating gout comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any of  claims 1 ,  13  and  25 . 
     
     
       35. A method of treating hyperuricemia comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any of  claims 1 ,  13  and  25 . 
     
     
       36. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any of  claims 1 ,  13  and  25  and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 
     
     
       37. The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 36 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the compound is an amount therapeutically effective for treating gout.