Liquid compositions and uses thereof for generating diffusion ordered NMR spectra of mixtures

Abstract

Provided are homogeneous liquid systems substantially 1 H-NMR inactive and/or devoid of protons and are capable of enhancing the diffusion separation of a mixture, the system is substantially devoid of at least one NMR active nucleus present in the mixture. Further provided are methods of using the homogeneous liquid systems for enhancing the diffusion separation of a mixture and/or generating a diffusion ordered spectrum of a mixture and/or minimizing the peak width in a liquid state diffusion ordered spectrum of a mixture.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A homogeneous liquid system, comprising:
 at least one polar component; 
 at least one non-polar component; and 
 at least one surfactant component; 
 wherein said system has at least one of the following characteristics: 
 the system is substantially  1 H-NMR inactive; 
 the system is substantially devoid of protons; and 
 the system is capable of enhancing the diffusion separation of a mixture, the system being substantially devoid of at least one NMR active nucleus present in the mixture. 
 
     
     
       2. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one NMR active nucleus is selected from the group consisting of H, He, C, N, F, Si, P, Fe, Se, Y, Rh, Ag, Cd, Sn, Te, Xe, W, Os, Pt, Hg, Tl and Pb. 
     
     
       3. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one polar component comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of water; a straight, branched, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic C 1 -C 20  alcohol; and any combinations thereof, the at least one solvent being substantially fully deuterated, perhalogenated or any combination thereof. 
     
     
       4. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one polar component is selected from the group consisting of D 2 O, isopropanol-d 8 , methanol-d 4 , ethanol-d 6 , 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-d 3 , tertbutanol-d 10  ethylene glycol-d 6 , propylene glycol-d 8 , glycerol-d 8 , and any combination thereof. 
     
     
       5. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-polar component comprises at least one hydrocarbon being substantially fully deuterated, perhalogenated, or any combination thereof selected from the group consisting of straight, branched, cyclic or polycyclic C 1 -C 120  alkane, alkene or alkyne; a C 3 -C 120  aromatic ring system, and any combination thereof. 
     
     
       6. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-polar component is selected from the group consisting of 1-bromoperfluoroheptane, 1-bromoperfluorooctane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorocyclohexane, and any combination thereof. 
     
     
       7. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one surfactant component comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an anionic, a cationic, a zwitterionic, and a non-ionic, surfactant being substantially fully deuterated, perhalogenated, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
       8. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one surfactant component is selected from the group consisting of perfluorohexanoate, perfluoroheptanoate, perfluorooctanoate, perfluorononoate, perfluorodecanoate, perfluoroundecanoate, perfluorododecanoate, perfluorotridecanoate, perfluorotetradecanoate, perfluoropentadecanoate, perfluorohexadecanoate, and any combination thereof. 
     
     
       9. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , being an emulsion, a microemulsion, a double emulsion, or any combination thereof, or any other type of micro- or nanostructured liquid. 
     
     
       10. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one polar component comprises D 2 O and at least one fully deuterated alcohol. 
     
     
       11. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-polar component comprises at least perhalogenated hydrocarbon. 
     
     
       12. The liquid system according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one surfactant component comprises at least one perfluorinated or haloperfluorinated surfactant. 
     
     
       13. A method of enhancing the diffusion separation of a mixture of at least two compounds, the method comprising: (a) providing a liquid system according to  claim 1 ; and (b) mixing the system with the mixture of at least two compounds. 
     
     
       14. A method for at least one of:
 generating a diffusion ordered spectrum of a mixture comprising at least two compounds, and 
 minimizing the peak width in a liquid state diffusion ordered spectrum of a mixture comprising at least two compounds; 
 the method comprising: (a) providing a liquid system according to  claim 1 ; (b) combining the system with the mixture of two compounds to form a combination; (c) subjecting the combination to diffusion ordered spectroscopy; (d) obtaining a diffusion ordered spectrum of the mixture; (e) processing the spectrum to yield separate spectra of each compound of the mixture. 
 
     
     
       15. The method according to  claim 14 , further comprising the step of selecting a liquid system, being substantially devoid of at least one NMR active nucleus present in the mixture. 
     
     
       16. The method according to  claim 14 , further comprising the step of selecting a liquid system, being substantially devoid of at least one NMR active nucleus selected from the group consisting of H, He, C, N, F, Si, P, Fe, Se, Y, Rh, Ag, Cd, Sn, Te, Xe, W, Os, Pt, Hg, Tl, and Pb. 
     
     
       17. The method according to  claim 14 , wherein the diffusion ordered spectrum is at least one member selected from the group consisting of  1 H,  3 H,  3 He,  13 C,  19 F,  15 N,  29 Si,  31 P,  57 Fe,  77 Se,  89 Y,  103 Rh,  107 Ag,  109 Ag,  111 Cd,  113 Cd,  117 Sn,  119 Sn,  123 Te,  125 Te,  129 Xe,  183 W,  187 Os,  195 Pt,  199 Hg,  203 Tl,  205 Tl, and  207 Pb-diffusion ordered spectrum of the mixture. 
     
     
       18. The method according to  claim 14 , wherein the diffusion ordered spectrum is obtained via NMR spectroscopy selected from the group consisting of DOSY, DDCOSY, T 1 -T 2  correlation spectroscopy, RDCOSY, DEXSY, INEPT-DOSY, DEPT-DOSY, MQF-DOSY, COSY-DOSY, TOCSY-DOSY, HMQC-DOSY, CIDNP-DOSY, and DNP-DOSY. 
     
     
       19. A kit comprising at least one container comprising a liquid system according to  claim 1 ; and optionally instructions and means for their use in carrying out a liquid state diffusion ordered spectroscopy.