Electrolyte, and fuel cell, Li secondary battery, secondary battery and primary battery using the electrolyte

Abstract

Provided is an electrolyte equipped with a hydrophilic portion having a cyclic quaternary ammonium salt and a hydrophobic portion bonded to the hydrophilic portion; and a fuel cell, a Li secondary battery, secondary battery and a primary battery using the electrolyte. The electrolyte has preferably a structure represented by the formula (A) or (B), wherein P′ represents a hydrophobic portion, R 1 and R 2 each represents hydrogen, fluorine, a hydroxy group, or a hydrocarbon or fluorinated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 each represents a hydrocarbon, fluorinated hydrocarbon, or a fluorocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, r and s each represents an integer of 0 or greater but not greater than 8 and satisfies 1≦r+s≦8, u represents an integer and satisfies 2≦u≦9, and X − represents a counter anion.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. An electrolyte comprising a polymer electrolyte having a hydrophilic portion having a cyclic quaternary ammonium salt and a hydrophobic portion bonded to the hydrophilic portion, the polymer electrolyte having a structure represented by one or more of the following formulas (A) to (G): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein
 P′ represents the hydrophobic portion, 
 R 1  and R 2  each represents hydrogen, fluorine, a hydroxy group, or a hydrocarbon group or fluorinated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the hydrocarbon group or fluorinated hydrocarbon group constituting R 1  or R 2  may each contain an ether bond, a sulfonyl bond, and/or a hydroxy group, 
 R 3  and R 4  each represents a hydrocarbon group, fluorinated hydrocarbon group, or fluorocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the hydrocarbon group, fluorinated hydrocarbon group, or fluorocarbon group constituting R 3  or R 4  may each contain an ether bond, a sulfonyl bond, and/or a hydroxy group, 
 
         r and s each represents an integer of 0 or greater but not greater than 8 and satisfies 1≦r+s≦8,
 u represents an integer satisfying 2≦u≦9, and 
 X −  represents a counter anion; 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein
 P represents the hydrophobic portion, 
 R 1  and R 2  each represents hydrogen, fluorine, a hydroxy group, or a hydrocarbon group or fluorinated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the hydrocarbon group or fluorinated hydrocarbon group constituting R 1  or R 2  may each contain an ether bond, a sulfonyl bond, and/or a hydroxy group, 
 R 3  represents a hydrocarbon group, fluorinated hydrocarbon group, or fluorocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the hydrocarbon group, fluorinated hydrocarbon group, or fluorocarbon group constituting R 3  may each contain an ether bond, a sulfonyl bond, and/or a hydroxy group, 
 
         r and s each represents an integer of 0 or greater but not greater than 8 and satisfies 1≦r+s≦8,
 u represents an integer satisfying 2≦u≦9, and 
 X −  represents a counter anion; 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein
 P represents the hydrophobic portion, 
 R 1  and R 2  each represents hydrogen, fluorine, a hydroxy group, or a hydrocarbon group or fluorinated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the hydrocarbon group or fluorinated hydrocarbon group constituting R 1  or R 2  may each contain an ether bond, a sulfonyl bond, and/or a hydroxy group, 
 R 3  and R 4  each represents a hydrocarbon group, fluorinated hydrocarbon group, or fluorocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the hydrocarbon group, fluorinated hydrocarbon group, or fluorocarbon group constituting R 3  or R 4  may each contain an ether bond, a sulfonyl bond, and/or a hydroxy group, 
 r and s each represents an integer of 0 or greater but not greater than 8, 
 t represents an integer of 1 or greater but not greater than 7, 
 in the formula (E), r and s satisfy 1≦r+s≦8, 
 
         in the formula (F), r and s satisfy 0≦r+s≦7, with the proviso that r and s do not represent 1 simultaneously,
 in the formula (G), r, s, and t satisfy 1≦r+s+t≦7, with the proviso that r, s, and t do not represent 1 simultaneously, and 
 
         X −  represents a counter anion; 
       
       with the proviso that an electrolyte used for hydrazine fuel cells is excluded. 
     
     
       2. The electrolyte according to  claim 1 , the polymer electrolyte having the structure represented by the formula (A) or formula (B), wherein the hydrophobic portion P′ has a structure represented by one or more of the following formulas (2.1) to (2.6): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         n represents an integer of 1 or greater, 
         m represents an integer of 0 or greater, 
         Y represents a direct bond or an oxygen atom, and 
         b represents an integer of 1 or greater but not greater than 4. 
       
     
     
       3. The electrolyte according to  claim 1 , the polymer electrolyte having the structure represented by the formula (A) or formula (B), further comprising a hydrophobic portion P bonded to the hydrophobic portion P′. 
     
     
       4. The electrolyte according to  claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic portion P of the polymer electrolyte has a structure represented by one or more of the following formulas (1.1) to (1.12): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, p represents an integer of 1 or greater. 
       
     
     
       5. The electrolyte according to  claim 1 , wherein polymer chains of the polymer electrolyte are crosslinked to each other via at least one of the R 3  and R 4 . 
     
     
       6. A fuel cell comprising the electrolyte as claimed in  claim 1 . 
     
     
       7. A Li secondary battery comprising the electrolyte as claimed in  claim 1 . 
     
     
       8. A secondary battery comprising the electrolyte as claimed in  claim 1 . 
     
     
       9. A primary battery comprising the electrolyte as claimed in  claim 1 . 
     
     
       10. The electrolyte according to  claim 2 , wherein the hydrophobic portion P of the polymer electrolyte has a structure represented by one or more of the following formulas (1.1) to (1.12): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, p represents an integer of 1 or greater. 
       
     
     
       11. The electrolyte according to  claim 3 , wherein the hydrophobic portion P of the polymer electrolyte has a structure represented by one or more of the following formulas (1.1) to (1.12): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, p represents an integer of 1 or greater.