Explosive composition having a first organic material infiltrated into a second microporous material

Abstract

An energetic composition with controlled detonation having at least a first organic material and a second material, where the second material is a porous material (micro-, meso-, or macroporous), having a pore ratio of at least 10% and preferably greater than 50%, and the first material is, at least partially, infiltrated into the pores of the second material. A mixture containing such a composition, and a method for manufacturing such a composition and such a mixture. Additionally, a method for fragmenting or expanding a microporous material at nanoscale.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An energetic material comprising a first material comprising an explosive material and a second material, the second material being a porous material (micro-, meso-, or macroporous) having a pore ratio of at least 10% and the first material being only partially infiltrated into the pores of the second material, wherein the pores of the second material are interconnected pores in communication with one another,
 wherein the explosive material is one or more of hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), pentrite (PETN), oxynitrotriazole (ONTA) or an energetic composition containing an inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitride, potassium nitride, barium peroxide and combinations thereof. 
 
     
     
       2. An energetic material according to  claim 1 , wherein the second material is an oxide, a metal, a metalloid, a mineral, or an organic material. 
     
     
       3. A mixture comprising an energetic material according to  claim 1  mixed with a reducing material, wherein the reducing material is aluminum, magnesium, silicon or zirconium. 
     
     
       4. A method for manufacturing an energetic material according to  claim 1  comprising:
 dissolving the first material in a solvent to form a solution; 
 introducing the second material into the solution; and 
 solidifying the first material in the second material by evaporation of the solvent or desolubilization by an antisolvent miscible with the solvent, 
 wherein the first material is only partially infiltrated into the pores of the second material during the introducing step. 
 
     
     
       5. A method for manufacturing a mixture according to  claim 3 , comprising:
 dissolving the first material in a solvent to form a solution; 
 introducing the second material into the solution; 
 solidifying the first material in the second material by evaporation of the solvent or desolubilization by an antisolvent miscible with the solvent; and 
 mixing the material obtained in the solidifying step with a reducing material, 
 wherein the first material is only partially infiltrated into the pores of the second material during the introducing step. 
 
     
     
       6. A method for fragmenting into nanoparticles or expanding at nanoscale a microporous second material having pores with a pore ratio of at least 10%, wherein the pores of the second material are interconnected pores in communication with one another, comprising only partially infiltrating a first material comprising an explosive material that is one or more of hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), pentrite (PETN), oxynitrotriazole (ONTA) or an energetic composition containing an inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitride, potassium nitride, barium peroxide and combinations thereof into the pores of the second material and heating or combusting the microporous material thus infiltrated,
 wherein gases generated by the heating or the combustion of the first material being able to fragment said second material into nanoparticles or to expand it at nanoscale. 
 
     
     
       7. A method according to  claim 6 , wherein the second material is an oxide, a metal, a metalloid, a mineral, or an organic material. 
     
     
       8. An energetic material according to  claim 1 , wherein the second material is a chemically inert material during an explosion of the energetic composition. 
     
     
       9. An energetic material comprising an explosive material and a porous material (micro-, meso-, or macroporous) having a pore ratio of at least 10% and the explosive material being infiltrated into the pores of the porous material, wherein the pores of the porous material are interconnected pores in communication with one another,
 wherein the explosive material is one or more of hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), pentrite (PETN), oxynitrotriazole (ONTA) or an energetic composition containing an inorganic salt that is not an azide, and 
 wherein the porous material is an oxide, a metal, a metalloid, a mineral, or carbon nanotubes. 
 
     
     
       10. An energetic material according to  claim 1 , wherein the second material is an oxide, a metal, a metalloid, a mineral, or carbon nanotubes. 
     
     
       11. An energetic material according to  claim 1 , wherein when the energetic composition is combusted with a reducing or oxidizing material, the second material forms nanoparticles. 
     
     
       12. An energetic material according to  claim 9 , wherein when the energetic composition is combusted with a reducing or oxidizing material, the porous material forms nanoparticles. 
     
     
       13. An energetic material according to  claim 9 , wherein the inorganic salt of the energetic composition is selected from a group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitride, potassium nitride, barium peroxide and combinations thereof.