4-(azacycloalkyl)benzene-1,3-diol compounds as tyrosinase inhibitors, process for the preparation thereof and use thereof in human medicine and in cosmetics

Abstract

4-(Azacycloalkyl)benzene-1,3-diol compounds are described corresponding to general formula (I) below: Also described, are compositions including the same, processes for preparation thereof and uses thereof in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions to treat pigmentary disorders.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition comprising a compound of formula (I) below: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which: 
         R1 represents:
 a C 1 -C 5  alkyl radical, 
 a C 3 -C 5  cycloalkyl radical, 
 an aryl radical, 
 a substituted aryl radical, 
 an aralkyl radical, 
 a C 1 -C 5  alkoxy radical, 
 an amino radical corresponding to structure (a): 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
             in which R2 represents: 
             a hydrogen, 
             a C 1 -C 5  alkyl radical, 
             a C 3 -C 6  cycloalkyl radical, 
             an aryl radical,
 a substituted aryl radical, 
 a pyridyl radical, 
 
             an aralkyl radical, 
             a radical corresponding to structure (b): 
           
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
             in which p can have the value 1 or 2, 
             a radical corresponding to structure (c): 
           
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
             in which R4 represents:
 a carboxymethyl —COOCH 3  or carboxyethyl —COOEt radical, 
 a C 1 -C 3  alkyl radical, 
 a hydrogen, 
 
             and R5 represents:
 a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical, 
 a C 3 -C 6  cycloalkyl radical, 
 a pyridyl, 
 
           
           and R3 represents:
 a hydrogen, 
 a C 1 -C 5  alkyl radical; 
 
         
         or R1 may also represent a radical corresponding to formula (d): 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           in which R6 represents: 
           a hydrogen, 
           a C 1 -C 5  alkyl radical, 
           a C 3 -C 6  cycloalkyl radical, 
           an aryl radical, 
           a substituted aryl radical, 
           a pyridyl radical, 
           an aralkyl radical, 
         
         R7 represents:
 a hydrogen, 
 a C 1 -C 5  alkyl radical, 
 
         and R8 represents:
 a hydrogen, 
 a hydroxyl, 
 an amino radical, 
 a C 1 -C 5  alkoxy radical: 
 
         Y represents a hydrogen or a fluorine, and 
         m and n can have the value 0, 1 or 2, 
         or a salt of a compound of formula (I), or an enantiomer form thereof; 
         and a pharmaceutically acceptable or cosmetically acceptable carrier. 
       
     
     
       2. The composition as defined by  claim 1 , formulated as a pharmaceutical composition for topical application. 
     
     
       3. The composition as defined by  claim 2 , formulated as an ointment, cream, solution or gel. 
     
     
       4. The composition as defined by  claim 2 , comprising from 0.001% to 10% by weight of compound for formula (I), relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     
     
       5. The composition as defined by  claim 2 , comprising from 0.01% to 5% by weight of compound of formula (I), relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     
     
       6. The composition as defined by  claim 1 , formulated as a cosmetic composition. 
     
     
       7. The composition as defined by  claim 6 , formulated as a cream, milk, gel, suspension of microspheres or nanospheres or lipid or polymeric vesicles, impregnated pad, solution, spray, foam, stick, soap, washing base or shampoo. 
     
     
       8. The composition as defined by  claim 6 , comprising from 0.001% to 10% by weight of compound of formula (I), relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     
     
       9. The composition as defined by  claim 1 , further comprising one or more inert additives or pharmacodynamically active substances. 
     
     
       10. The composition as defined by  claim 9 , wherein the one or more inert additives or pharmacodynamically active substances is/are selected from the group consisting of wetting agents, flavor enhancers, preservatives, stabilizers, moisture regulators, pH regulators, osmotic pressure modifiers, emulsifiers, UV-A and UV-B screening agents, antioxidants, emollients, moisturizing agents, antiseborrhoeic agents and antiacne agents. 
     
     
       11. The composition as defined by  claim 1 , further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of UV-A and UV-B screening agents. 
     
     
       12. The composition as defined by  claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is in the form of a salt formed with a base selected from the group consisting of an organic base and an inorganic base. 
     
     
       13. The composition as defined by  claim 1 , wherein, in the compound of formula (I):
 R1 represents an aralkyl radical or an amino radical corresponding to structure (a): 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which R2 represents:
 a C 1 -C 5  alkyl radical, 
 an aralkyl radical or 
 a radical corresponding to structure (d): 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which R4 represents:
 a carboxymethyl —COOCH 3  or carboxyethyl —COOEt radical, 
 a C 1 -C 5  alkyl radical, 
 
         and R5 represents:
 a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical, 
 
         and R3 represents a hydrogen, 
         Y represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine, 
         m=1 and n=1, 
         or a salt of said compound of formula (I), or an enantiomer form thereof. 
       
     
     
       14. A pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of:
 1: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azetidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; 
 2: [3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azetidin-1-yl]phenylmethanone; 
 3: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azetidine-1-carboxylic acid pentylamide; 
 4: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; 
 5: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid isobutyl ester; 
 6: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide; 
 7: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide; 
 8: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid (4-fluorophenyl)amide; 
 9: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid (4-trifluoromethylphenyl)amide; 
 10: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 
 11: [4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]phenylmethanone; 
 12: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid butylamide; 
 13: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid propylamide; 
 14: 1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]butan-1-one; 
 15: 1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-1-one; 
 16: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide; 
 17: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (4-fluorophenyl)amide; 
 18: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid p-tolylamide; 
 19: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid phenethylamide; 
 20: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (3-fluorophenyl)amide; 
 21: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((R)-1-phenylethyl)amide; 
 22: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methylphenylamide; 
 23: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid pyridin-2-ylamide; 
 24: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide; 
 25: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylpropyl)amide; 
 26: (R)-2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 27: 1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 28: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 2-fluorobenzylamide; 
 29: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-fluorobenzylamide; 
 30: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-fluorobenzylamide; 
 31: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzylamide; 
 32: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 2-methylbenzylamide; 
 33: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-methylbenzylamide; 
 34: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-methylbenzylamide; 
 35: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 2-methoxybenzylamide; 
 36: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-methoxybenzylamide; 
 37: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-methoxybenzylamide; 
 38: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-p-tolylethyl)amide; 
 39: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amide; 
 40: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (S)-indan-1-ylamide; 
 41: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-naphthalen-1-ylethyl)amide; 
 42: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-naphthalen-2-ylethyl)amide; 
 43: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amide; 
 44: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(3-meth oxyphenyl)ethyl]amide; 
 45: (S)-2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 46: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide; 
 47: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone; 
 48: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone; 
 49: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 50: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 51: (R)-2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone; 
 52: (R)-2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-phenylethanone; 
 53: (S)-2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-phenylethanone; 
 54: (R)-2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-(4-trifluoromethyl phenyl)ethanone; 
 55: 2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-phenylbutan-1-one; 
 56: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-methoxy-2-phenylethanone; 
 57: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-cyclohexylethyl)amide; 
 58: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)amide; 
 59: (R)-{[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]amino}phenylacetic acid methyl ester, 
 60: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amide; 
 61: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amide; 
 62: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzylamide; 
 63: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid butylamide; 
 64: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (3-fluorophenyl)amide; 
 65: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid phenethylamide; 
 66: (R)-{[4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]amino}phenylacetic acid methyl ester; 
 67: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (S)-indan-1-ylamide; 
 68: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amide; 
 69: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-cyclohexylethyl)amide; 
 70: (R)-1-[4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone; 
 71: (S)-1-[4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone; 
 72: (R)-2-amino-1-[4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-phenylethanone; 
 73: (S)-2-amino-1-[4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-phenylethanone; 
 74: (R)-1-[4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 75: (S)-1-[4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 76: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 77: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 78: (R)-{[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]amino}-(4-fluorophenyl)acetic acid methyl ester, 
 79: (S)-{[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]amino}-(4-fluorophenyl)acetic acid methyl ester; 
 80: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 81: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 82: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-carboxylic acid (pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amide; 
 83: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amide; 
 84: (5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((R)-1-phenylethyl)amide; 
 85: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutan-1-one; 
 86: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutan-1-one; 
 87: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone; 
 88: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone; 
 89: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone; 
 90: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone; 
 91: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid cyclohexylmethylamide; 
 92: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid cyclohexylmethylamide; 
 93: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (2-ethylbutyl)amide; 
 94: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (2-ethylbutyl)amide; 
 95: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid cyclopentylmethylamide; 
 96: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid cyclopentylmethylamide; 
 97: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (6-methylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)amide; 
 98: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (4-methylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)amide; 
 99: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (5-methylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)amide; 
 100: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (2-methylpyridin-3-ylmethyl)amide; 
 101: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-ylmethyl)amide; 
 102: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amide; 
 103: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (2-pyridin-3-ylethyl)amide; and 
 104: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (2-pyridin-4-ylethyl)amide; 
 or a salt or an enantiomer thereof; 
 and a pharmaceutically acceptable or cosmetically acceptable carrier. 
 
     
     
       15. The composition as defined by  claim 14 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
 1: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azetidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; 
 2: [3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azetidin-1-yl]phenylmethanone; 
 3: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azetidine-1-carboxylic acid pentylamide; 
 4: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; 
 5: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid isobutyl ester; 
 6: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide; 
 7: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide; 
 8: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid (4-fluorophenyl)amide; 
 9: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid (4-trifluoromethylphenyl)amide; 
 10: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 
 11: [4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]phenylmethanone; 
 12: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid butylamide; 
 13: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid propylamide; 
 14: 1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]butan-1-one; 
 15: 1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-1-one; 
 16: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide; 
 17: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (4-fluorophenyl)amide; 
 18: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid p-tolylamide; 
 19: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid phenethylamide; 
 20: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (3-fluorophenyl)amide; 
 21: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((R)-1-phenylethyl)amide; 
 22: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methylphenylamide; 
 23: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid pyridin-2-ylamide; 
 24: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide; 
 25: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylpropyl)amide; 
 26: (R)-2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 27: 1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 28: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 2-fluorobenzylamide; 
 29: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-fluorobenzylamide; 
 30: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-fluorobenzylamide; 
 31: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzylamide; 
 32: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 2-methylbenzylamide: 
 33: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-methylbenzylamide; 
 34: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-methylbenzylamide; 
 35: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 2-methoxybenzylamide; 
 36: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-methoxybenzylamide; 
 37: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-methoxybenzylamide; 
 38: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-p-tolylethyl)amide; 
 39: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amide; 
 40: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (S)-indan-1-ylamide; 
 41: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-naphthalen-1-ylethyl)amide; 
 42: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-naphthalen-2-ylethyl)amide; 
 43: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amide; 
 44: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amide; 
 45: (S)-2-amino-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 
 46: 4-(5-fluoro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide; 
 47: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone; 
 48: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone; 
 49: (R)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-1-one; and 
 50: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-1-one. 
 
     
     
       16. The composition as defined by  claim 15 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
 4: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; 
 6: 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide; 
 16: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide; 
 22: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methylphenylamide; 
 24: 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide; and 
 48: (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone. 
 
     
     
       17. The composition as defined by  claim 16 , wherein the compound is 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide or (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone. 
     
     
       18. The composition as defined by  claim 15 , further comprising one or more inert additives or pharmacodynamically active substances. 
     
     
       19. The composition as defined by  claim 18 , wherein the one or more inert additives or pharmacodynamically active substances is/are selected from the group consisting of wetting agents, flavor enhancers, preservatives, stabilizers, moisture regulators, pH regulators, osmotic pressure modifiers, emulsifiers, UV-A and UV-B screening agents, antioxidants, emollients, moisturizing agents, antiseborrhoeic agents and antiacne agents. 
     
     
       20. The composition as defined by  claim 15 , further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of UV-A and UV-B screening agents. 
     
     
       21. The composition as defined by  claim 18 , wherein the compound is 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide or (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone. 
     
     
       22. The composition as defined by  claim 19 , wherein the compound is 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide or (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone. 
     
     
       23. The composition as defined by  claim 20 , wherein the compound is 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide or (S)-1-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone.