System and method for ocular aberrometry and topography using plenoptic imaging

Abstract

Improved systems and methods for ocular topography and using a plenoptic detector are provided. For example, a multifunction ocular topography and aberrometry system can comprise a first set of light sources, a second light source, a plenoptic detector and a processing system coupled to the plenoptic detector. The first set of light sources and the second light source are configured to selectively illuminate an eye. The plenoptic detector is configured to selectively receive images of the first set of light sources reflected from a corneal surface of the eye and generate first plenoptic image data representing the images of the first set of light sources. The plenoptic detector is further configured receive images of the second light source reflected from a retina of the eye and generate second plenoptic image data representing the images of the second light source.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An ocular aberrometry and topography system, the aberrometry and topography system comprising:
 a first set of light sources configured to selectively illuminate an eye; 
 a second light source configured to selectively illuminate the eye; a third light source configured to selectively illuminate the eye, wherein the third light source comprises a Helmholtz source; 
 a plenoptic detector configured to selectively:
 receive images of the first set of light sources reflected from a corneal surface of the eye and generate first plenoptic image data representing the images of the first set of light sources; 
 receive images of the second light source reflected from a retina of the eye and generate second plenoptic image data representing the images of the second light source; 
 
 a processing system coupled to the plenoptic detector, the processing system configured to selectively:
 analyze the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye; and 
 analyze the second plenoptic image data to determine aberrometry for the eye. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The system of  claim 1  wherein the plenoptic image detector comprises:
 a photosensor array, the photosensor array comprising a plurality of photosensors; and 
 a microlens array, the microlens array comprising a plurality of lenslets configured to direct the image to the photosensor array, the microlens array arranged a predetermined distance from the photosensor array. 
 
     
     
       3. The system of  claim 2  wherein the photosensor array comprises a two dimensional array of photosensors, and wherein the microlens array comprises a two dimensional array of lenslets. 
     
     
       4. The system of  claim 2  wherein each lenslet in the microlens array receives light from the eye at different angles and spatially separates the light at different angles at the detector. 
     
     
       5. The system of  claim 2  wherein each lenslet in the microlens array is configured such that light arriving at a point in different directions is directed at a different point on the photosensor array such that direction information for light ray can be determined from a position of the light ray. 
     
     
       6. The system of  claim 1  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye by calculating dimensions of shapes in the images of the first set of light sources reflected from the corneal surface of the eye. 
     
     
       7. The system of  claim 1  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye by calculating a distance to the corneal surface using depth information generated from the first plenoptic image data. 
     
     
       8. The system of  claim 1  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye by calculating a distance to the corneal surface using depth information generated from the first plenoptic image data and using the calculated distance to determine a base radius of the corneal surface. 
     
     
       9. The system of  claim 1  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the first plenoptic image data to determine topography by reconstructing a shape of the cornea from the plenoptic image data. 
     
     
       10. The system of  claim 1  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye by using a first image taken with a small aperture and calculating a distance to the corneal surface using depth information generated from the first plenoptic image data of the first image, and by using a second image taken without the small aperture to reconstruct a shape of the cornea. 
     
     
       11. The system of  claim 1  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the second plenoptic image data to determine aberrometry for the eye by calculating angles of light emanating from the eye using the second plenoptic image data. 
     
     
       12. The system of  claim 1  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the second plenoptic image data to determine aberrometry for the eye by using direction information in the second plenoptic image data to determine angles of light emanating from the eye. 
     
     
       13. The system of  claim 1  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the second plenoptic image data to determine aberrometry for the eye by calculating dimensions of shapes in the images second light sources. 
     
     
       14. The system of  claim 1  wherein the first set of light sources comprises a Placido-type light source. 
     
     
       15. The system of  claim 1  wherein the first set of light sources comprises a pattern of shapes arranged in a grid. 
     
     
       16. The system of  claim 1  wherein the first set of light sources comprises a pattern that includes a plurality of common elements and at least one reference element. 
     
     
       17. The system of  claim 1  wherein the second light source comprises a super luminescent diode (SLD). 
     
     
       18. A method for determining ocular aberrometry and topography, comprising:
 selectively illuminate an eye with a first set of light sources; 
 receiving images of the first set of light sources reflected from a corneal surface of the eye; 
 generating first plenoptic image data representing the images of the first set of light sources; 
 analyzing the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye; 
 selectively illuminating the eye with a second light source; 
 receiving images of the second light source reflected from a retina of the eye; 
 generating second plenoptic image data representing the images of the second light source; and 
 analyzing the second plenoptic image data to determine aberrometry for the eye; further comprising a third light source configured to selectively illuminate the eye, wherein the third light source comprises a Helmholtz source. 
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 18  wherein the plenoptic image detector comprises:
 a photosensor array, the photosensor array comprising a plurality of photosensors; and 
 a microlens array, the microlens array comprising a plurality of lenslets configured to direct the image to the photosensor array, the microlens array arranged a predetermined distance from the photosensor array. 
 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 19  wherein the photosensor array comprises a two dimensional array of photosensors, and wherein the microlens array comprises a two dimensional array of lenslets. 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 19  wherein each lenslet in the microlens array receives light from the eye at different angles and spatially separates the light at different angles at the detector. 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 19  wherein each lenslet in the microlens array is configured such that light arriving at a point in different directions is directed at a different point on the photosensor array such that direction information for light ray can be determined from a position of the light ray. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 18  wherein the processing system is configured to analyze the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye by calculating dimensions of shapes in the images of the first set of light sources reflected from the corneal surface of the eye. 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 18  wherein the analyzing the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye comprises calculating a distance to the corneal surface using depth information generated from the first plenoptic image data. 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 18  wherein analyzing the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye comprises calculating a distance to the corneal surface using depth information generated from the first plenoptic image data and using the calculated distance to determine a base radius of the corneal surface. 
     
     
       26. The method of  claim 18  wherein the analyzing the first plenoptic image data to determine topography comprises reconstructing a shape of the cornea from the plenoptic image data. 
     
     
       27. The method of  claim 18  wherein analyzing the first plenoptic image data to determine topography for the eye comprises using a first image taken with a small aperture and calculating a distance to the conical surface using depth information generated from the first plenoptic image data of the first image, and by using a second image taken without the small aperture to reconstruct a shape of the cornea. 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 18  wherein the analyzing the second plenoptic image data to determine aberrometry for the eye comprises calculating angles of light emanating from the eye using the second plenoptic image data. 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 18  wherein analyzing the second plenoptic image data to determine aberrometry for the eye comprises using direction information in the second plenoptic image data to determine angles of light emanating from the eye. 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 18  wherein analyzing the second plenoptic image data to determine aberrometry for the eye comprises calculating dimensions of shapes in the images second light sources. 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 18  wherein the first set of light sources comprises a Placido-type light source. 
     
     
       32. The method of  claim 18  wherein the first set of light sources comprises a pattern of shapes arranged in a grid. 
     
     
       33. The method of  claim 18  wherein the first set of light sources comprises a pattern that includes a plurality of common elements and at least one reference element. 
     
     
       34. The method of  claim 18  wherein the second light source comprises a super luminescent diode (SLD).