Kits and methods for generating 5′ capped RNA

Abstract

The present invention relates to kits and methods for efficiently generating 5′ capped RNA having a modified cap nucleotide and for use of such modified-nucleotide-capped RNA molecules. In particular, the present invention provides kits and methods for capping RNA using a modified cap nucleotide and a capping enzyme system, such as poxvirus capping enzyme. The present invention finds use for in vitro production of 5′-capped RNA having a modified cap nucleotide and for in vitro or in vivo production of polypeptides by in vitro or in vivo translation of such modified-nucleotide-capped RNA. The invention also provides methods and kits for capturing or isolating uncapped RNA comprising primary RNA transcripts or RNA having a 5′-diphosphate, and methods and kits for using a capping enzyme system and modified cap nucleotides for labeling uncapped RNA comprising primary RNA transcripts or RNA having a 5′-diphosphate with detectable dye or enzyme moieties.

We claim: 
     
       1. A kit for obtaining a modified nucleotide-capped RNA comprising:
 (a) a capping enzyme system comprising an RNA guanyltransferase; and 
 (b) a modified cap nucleotide, wherein the modified cap nucleotide:
 i) is 3′-deoxyguanosine-5′-triphosphate or comprises a modified 2′- or 3′-deoxyguanosine-5′-triphosphate, wherein the 2′- or 3′-deoxy position of the sugar moiety is substituted by a group other than a hydroxyl group or a hydrogen, in particular wherein the 2′- or 3′-deoxy position of the sugar moiety is substituted with an amino, an azido, a fluorine, a methoxy, a thiol, or a mercapto group, or wherein the O 6 -oxygen of the guanine base is replaced with a thiol or mercapto group; 
 ii) comprises a modified guanosine-5′-triphosphate, wherein the 2′- or 3′-hydroxyl group of the ribose is substituted with an alkyl group, or wherein the O 6 -oxygen of the guanine is substituted with an alkyl group or is replaced with a thiol or mercapto group; or 
 iii) is selected from: N 1 -methyl-GTP; O 6 -methyl-GTP; 6-thio-GTP; 2′-O-methyl-GTP; 3′-O-methyl-GTP; 2′-amino-2′-dGTP; 3′-amino-3′-dGTP; 2′-azido-2′-dGTP; 3′-azido-3′-dGTP; 2′-F-2′-dGTP; 3′-F-3′-dGTP; 3′-dGTP; 2′-amino-2′,3′-ddGTP; 3′-amino-2′,3′-ddGTP; 2′-azido-2′,3′-ddGTP; and 3′-azido-2′,3′-ddGTP. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The kit of  claim 1 , wherein the RNA guanyltransferase comprises a motif I that exhibits the amino acid sequence KTDG(I/V)x, wherein the sixth amino acid of said motif I is P, G, F, S or L. 
     
     
       3. The kit of  claim 1 , further comprising uncapped RNA that exhibits a 5′ diphosphate. 
     
     
       4. The kit of  claim 1 , further comprising polypeptide having RNA triphosphatase activity. 
     
     
       5. The kit of  claim 4 , further comprising uncapped RNA that exhibits a 5′ triphosphate. 
     
     
       6. The kit of  claim 5 , wherein the uncapped RNA is:
 (i) a primary RNA transcript from a human or animal patient, from a human, animal, plant, or fungal organism, organ, tissue, or cell, or from extracellular fluid from a patient or organism with a condition; 
 (ii) primary RNA from an in vitro transcription reaction; 
 (iii) obtained following fractionation of RNA from a biological source by subtractive hybridization and digestion, and RNA amplification that yields sense RNA; 
 (iv) primary RNA from a prokaryotic source; 
 (v) derived from a condition comprising a tumor or cancer cell; or 
 (vi) derived from a pathogen, or from a eukaryotic cell that is infected by a bacterial, viral or fungal pathogen. 
 
     
     
       7. The kit of  claim 1 , further comprising S-adenosyl-methionine or S-adenosyl-ethionine. 
     
     
       8. The kit of  claim 7 , further comprising polypeptide having guanine-7-methyltransferase activity. 
     
     
       9. The kit of  claim 8 , further comprising modified-nucleotide capped RNA, wherein the 5′ cap nucleotide comprises a modified guanine nucleoside-5′-triphosphate of  claim 1  (b). 
     
     
       10. The kit of  claim 9 , further comprising an enzyme having mRNA (nucleoside-2′-O—) methyltransferase activity. 
     
     
       11. The kit of  claim 10 , wherein the enzyme having mRNA (nucleoside-2′-O—) methyltransferase activity is:
 (i) encoded by a poxvirus DNA; 
 (ii) encoded a vaccinia virus DNA; 
 (iii) is purified from virions; 
 (iv) is purified from a recombinant source; 
 (v) is purified from  E. coli  cells that express a poxvirus gene that is cloned in a plasmid or other vector; 
 (vi) is purified from  E. coli  cells that express the vaccinia gene that is cloned in a plasmid or other vector; 
 (vii) is encoded by a yeast or fungal gene; or is encoded by a nematode, mammalian or other metazoan gene, whether from a wild-type or recombinant source. 
 
     
     
       12. The kit of  claim 9 , wherein the modified-nucleotide capped RNA exhibits a cap with a cap1 structure, wherein the 5′ penultimate nucleotide has a 2′-O-methyl group. 
     
     
       13. The kit of  claim 1  further comprising poly(A) polymerase. 
     
     
       14. The kit of  claim 13 , wherein said poly(A) polymerase is
 (i)  Escherichia coli  poly(A) polymerase; 
 (ii) yeast poly(A) polymerase; or 
 (iii) is recombinant poly(A) polymerase encoded by the  E. coli  pcnB gene. 
 
     
     
       15. The kit of  claim 9 , wherein the modified-nucleotide capped RNA further exhibits a poly(A) tail. 
     
     
       16. The kit of  claim 12 , wherein the modified-nucleotide capped RNA that exhibits a cap with a cap1 structure further exhibits a poly(A) tail. 
     
     
       17. The kit of  claim 1 , further comprising a component that improves the efficiency of capping uncapped RNA that forms a duplex involving at least the 5′-terminal nucleotide, wherein said component consists of at least one of the following:
 (i) dimethylglycine (betaine); 
 (ii) a single-stranded binding protein; 
 (iii) an RNA helicase; 
 (iv) an RNA polymerase; or 
 (v) a DNA polymerase. 
 
     
     
       18. The kit of  claim 9 , wherein the modified-nucleotide capped RNA further comprises a biotin moiety. 
     
     
       19. The kit of  claim 12 , wherein the modified-nucleotide capped RNA that exhibits a cap with a cap1 structure further comprises a biotin moiety. 
     
     
       20. The kit of  claim 15 , wherein the modified-nucleotide capped RNA that exhibits a poly(A) tail further comprises a biotin moiety.