Battery parameter estimation

Abstract

A vehicle includes a battery pack and at least one controller programmed to implement a model of the battery pack. The model includes parameters representing an internal resistance and charge transfer impedance of the battery pack, and identified from an extended Kalman filter having an augmented state vector. The augmented state vector is at least partially defined by a time constant associated with the charge transfer impedance and a variable representing a proportionality between the internal resistance and a resistance term of the charge transfer impedance to reduce observed variability of the parameters.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A vehicle comprising:
 a battery pack; and 
 at least one controller programmed to
 implement a model of the battery pack having parameters (i) representing an internal resistance and charge transfer impedance of the battery pack and (ii) identified from an extended Kalman filter having an augmented state vector at least partially defined by a time constant associated with the charge transfer impedance and a variable representing a quotient of a proportionality between the internal resistance and a resistance term of the charge transfer impedance to reduce observed variability of the parameters; and 
 control the battery pack in accordance with the parameters. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The vehicle of  claim 1 , wherein the charge transfer impedance is associated with at least one R-C circuit representation of the battery pack. 
     
     
       3. The vehicle of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one controller is further programmed to apply the augmented state vector to Jacobian matrices describing changes in battery parameter values of the model. 
     
     
       4. The vehicle of  claim 1 , wherein the augmented state vector further includes additional state variables representing battery dynamic responses or model parameters characterizing battery dynamics. 
     
     
       5. The vehicle of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one controller is further programmed to output power capability for a given time period based on the parameters. 
     
     
       6. A method comprising:
 charging and discharging a battery pack based on parameters (i) representing an internal resistance and charge transfer impedance of the battery pack and (ii) identified from an extended Kalman filter having an augmented state vector partially defined by a time constant associated with the charge transfer impedance and a variable representing a quotient of a proportionality between the internal resistance and a resistance term of the charge transfer impedance reducing parameter variability. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the charge transfer impedance is associated with at least one R-C circuit representation of the battery pack. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the augmented state vector is applied to Jacobian matrices describing changes in battery parameter values of a dynamic model. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the augmented state vector further includes additional state variables representing battery dynamic responses or model parameters characterizing battery dynamics. 
     
     
       10. A traction battery system comprising:
 a battery pack having one or more cells; 
 at least one controller programmed to implement a model of the one or more cells having parameters identified by a filter at least partially defined by a variable representing a quotient of a proportionality between an internal resistance of the one of more cells and a resistance term of a charge transfer impedance of the one or more cells to reduce observed variability of the parameters; and 
 control the one or more cells in accordance with the parameters. 
 
     
     
       11. The system of  claim 10 , wherein the filter is further defined by a time constant associated with the charge transfer impedance. 
     
     
       12. The system of  claim 10 , wherein the charge transfer impedance is associated with at least one R-C circuit representation of the battery pack.