Privacy enhanced spatial analytics

Abstract

Method, system, and computer program products, implementing and using techniques for processing data representing observations of entities. An anonymized key is generated. The anonymized key represents a spacetime region with which an entity is associated. The spacetime region represents a spatial region and a time interval. The entity is associated with the spacetime region based on spacetime coordinates for the entity.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program code embodied therewith, the program code being executable by a processor to:
 generate a key that is associated with a first entity that is associated with a spacetime region, wherein the spacetime region represents a spatial region, a time interval, and a non-spatial feature, and wherein the first entity is associated with the spacetime region based on spacetime coordinates for the first entity; 
 generate an anonymized key to be associated with the first entity from the key, the anonymized key and the key representing the spacetime region with which the first entity is associated; and 
 compare the anonymized key with a previously anonymized key that is associated with a second entity to discover spacetime co-occurrence of the first entity and the second entity in the spacetime region. 
 
     
     
       2. The computer program product of  claim 1 , wherein the spacetime region comprises a plurality of dimensions, the plurality of dimensions including one or more of:
 spatial dimensions describing the spatial region, the spatial dimensions including one or more of: a longitude coordinate and a latitude coordinate, 
 non-spatial dimensions describing the spatial region, and 
 a temporal dimension describing the time interval. 
 
     
     
       3. The computer program product of  claim 2 , wherein a granularity of one or more dimensions is configurable. 
     
     
       4. The computer program product of  claim 2 , wherein the temporal dimension of the spacetime region is represented as a set of numerical values that represent one or more of: a year, a month, a day, an hour, a minute, a second, and a millisecond. 
     
     
       5. The computer program product of  claim 2 , further comprising program code executable by a processor to:
 receive data representing an observation of the first entity, wherein the data includes a precision of at least one dimension; and 
 associate the data with the spacetime region based on a qualification criterion. 
 
     
     
       6. The computer program product of  claim 5 , wherein the qualification criterion is related to a granularity of at least some of the dimensions and is one of: a predefined qualification criterion and a dynamically derived qualification criterion. 
     
     
       7. The computer program product of  claim 1 , wherein the anonymized key is created by using one of: a reversible cryptographic algorithm and an irreversible cryptographic algorithm. 
     
     
       8. The computer program product of  claim 1 , further comprising program code executable by a processor to:
 store the discovery of the spacetime co-occurrence of the first entity with the second entity. 
 
     
     
       9. The computer program product of  claim 1 , further comprising program code executable by a processor to:
 determine whether the first entity is associated with a particular set of one or more spacetime regions on at least a certain number of occasions over a certain time interval; and 
 in response to a positive determination, flag the first entity as a hanging out entity. 
 
     
     
       10. The computer program product of  claim 1 , wherein the first entity is one of a person, a place, a thing, and an event. 
     
     
       11. A system, comprising:
 a processor; and 
 a memory containing instructions that when executed by the processor causes the processor to: 
 generate a key that is associated with a first entity that is associated with a spacetime region, wherein the spacetime region represents a spatial region, a time interval, and a non-spatial feature, and wherein the first entity is associated with the spacetime region based on spacetime coordinates for the first entity; 
 generate an anonymized key to be associated with the first entity from the key, the anonymized key and the key representing the spacetime region with which the first entity is associated; and 
 compare the anonymized key with a previously anonymized key that is associated with a second entity to discover spacetime co-occurrence of the first entity and the second entity in the spacetime region. 
 
     
     
       12. The system of  claim 11 , wherein the spacetime region comprises a plurality of dimensions, the plurality of dimensions including one or more of:
 spatial dimensions describing the spatial region, the spatial dimensions including one or more of: a longitude coordinate and a latitude coordinate, 
 non-spatial dimensions describing the spatial region, and 
 a temporal dimension describing the time interval. 
 
     
     
       13. The system of  claim 12 , wherein a granularity of one or more dimensions is configurable. 
     
     
       14. The system of  claim 12 , wherein the temporal dimension of the spacetime region is represented as a set of numerical values that represent one or more of: a year, a month, a day, an hour, a minute, a second, and a millisecond. 
     
     
       15. The system of  claim 12 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
 receive data representing an observation of the first entity, wherein the data includes a precision of at least one dimension; and 
 associate the data with the spacetime region based on a qualification criterion. 
 
     
     
       16. The system of  claim 15 , wherein the qualification criterion is related to a granularity of at least some of the dimensions and is one of: a predefined qualification criterion and a dynamically derived qualification criterion. 
     
     
       17. The system of  claim 11 , wherein the anonymized key is created by using one of: a reversible cryptographic algorithm and an irreversible cryptographic algorithm. 
     
     
       18. The system of  claim 11 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
 store the discovery of the spacetime co-occurrence of the first entity with the second entity. 
 
     
     
       19. The system of  claim 11 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
 determine whether the first entity is associated with a particular set of one or more spacetime regions on at least a certain number of occasions over a certain time interval; and 
 in response to a positive determination, flag the first entity as a hanging out entity. 
 
     
     
       20. The system of  claim 11 , wherein the first entity is one of a person, a place, a thing, and an event.