Multistage resid hydrocracking

Abstract

Processes for upgrading resid hydrocarbon feeds are disclosed. The upgrading processes may include: hydrocracking a resid in a first reaction stage to form a first stage effluent; hydrocracking a deasphalted oil fraction in a second reaction stage to form a second stage effluent; fractionating the first stage effluent and the second stage effluent to recover at least one distillate hydrocarbon fraction and a resid hydrocarbon fraction; feeding the resid hydrocarbon fraction to a solvent deasphalting unit to provide an asphaltene fraction and the deasphalted oil fraction.

What is claimed: 
     
       1. A process for upgrading resid, comprising:
 hydrocracking a resid in a first reaction stage to form a first stage effluent; 
 hydrocracking a deasphalted oil fraction in a second reaction stage to form a second stage effluent; 
 feeding the first stage effluent and the second stage effluent to a separation system; 
 fractionating the first stage effluent and the second stage effluent in the separation system to recover at least one distillate hydrocarbon fraction and a liquid hydrocarbon fraction; 
 separating the liquid hydrocarbon fraction in an atmospheric distillation column to recover at least a second distillate hydrocarbon fraction and a second liquid hydrocarbon fraction; 
 separating a portion of the second liquid hydrocarbon fraction in a vacuum distillation column to recover at least a third distillate hydrocarbon fraction and a resid hydrocarbon fraction; 
 cooling a portion of the resid hydrocarbon fraction via direct heat exchange with at least a portion of the second liquid hydrocarbon fraction; and 
 feeding the cooled resid hydrocarbon fraction to a solvent deasphalting unit to provide an asphaltene fraction and the deasphalted oil fraction. 
 
     
     
       2. The process of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of an operating temperature and an operating pressure in the second reaction stage is greater than an operating temperature and an operating pressure of the first reaction stage. 
     
     
       3. The process of  claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of asphaltenes in the resid are hydrocracked in the first reaction stage. 
     
     
       4. The process of  claim 1 , further comprising operating the first reaction stage at a temperature and pressure to hydrocrack the resid at a conversion from about 30 wt. % to about 75 wt. % of the resid. 
     
     
       5. The process of  claim 4 , wherein the process achieves an overall resid conversion of at least 60 wt. %. 
     
     
       6. The process of  claim 4 , wherein the process achieves an overall resid conversion of at least 95 wt. %. 
     
     
       7. The process of  claim 1 , wherein the resid hydrocarbon fraction comprises hydrocarbons with a normal boiling point of at least 340° C. 
     
     
       8. The process of  claim 1 , wherein the first reaction stage comprises a single ebullated bed reactor. 
     
     
       9. The process of  claim 1 , wherein the second reaction stage comprises at least one of an ebullated bed reactor and a fixed bed reactor. 
     
     
       10. A process for upgrading resid, comprising:
 feeding hydrogen and a resid hydrocarbon to a first reactor containing a first hydrocracking catalyst; 
 contacting the resid hydrocarbon and hydrogen in the presence of the hydrocracking catalyst at conditions of temperature and pressure to crack at least a portion of the resid hydrocarbon; 
 recovering an effluent from the first reactor; 
 feeding hydrogen and a deasphalted oil fraction to a second reactor containing a second hydrocracking catalyst; 
 contacting the deasphalted oil fraction and hydrogen in the presence of the second hydrocracking catalyst at conditions of temperature and pressure to crack at least a portion of the deasphalted oil; 
 recovering an effluent from the second reactor; 
 separating the first and second reactor effluents in a high pressure high temperature separator to provide a gas phase product and a liquid phase product; 
 separating the liquid phase product in an atmospheric distillation tower to recover a fraction comprising hydrocarbons boiling in a range of atmospheric distillates and a first bottoms fraction comprising hydrocarbons having a normal boiling point of at least 340° C.; 
 separating a portion of the first bottoms fraction in a vacuum distillation tower to recover a fraction comprising hydrocarbons boiling in a range of vacuum distillates and a second bottoms fraction comprising hydrocarbons having a boiling temperature of at least 480° C.; 
 cooling the second bottoms fraction via direct heat exchange with a portion of the first bottoms fraction; and 
 feeding the cooled second bottoms fraction to a solvent deasphalting unit to provide an asphaltene fraction and the deasphalted oil fraction. 
 
     
     
       11. The process of  claim 10 , wherein at least one of an operating temperature and an operating pressure in the second reactor is greater than an operating temperature and an operating pressure of the first reactor. 
     
     
       12. The process of  claim 10 , wherein at least one of an operating temperature and an operating pressure in the second reactor is less than an operating temperature and an operating pressure of the first reactor. 
     
     
       13. The process of  claim 10 , wherein at least a portion of asphaltenes in the resid hydrocarbon are hydrocracked in the first reaction stage. 
     
     
       14. The process of  claim 10 , further comprising operating the first reactor at a temperature and pressure to achieve a resid conversion in a range from about 30 wt. % to about 75 wt. %. 
     
     
       15. The process of  claim 14 , wherein the process achieves an overall resid conversion of at least 60 wt. %. 
     
     
       16. The process of  claim 14 , wherein the process achieves an overall resid conversion in the range from about 60 wt. % to about 95 wt. %. 
     
     
       17. The process of  claim 10 , wherein the resid hydrocarbon comprises hydrocarbons with a normal boiling point of at least 480° C. 
     
     
       18. The process of  claim 10 , wherein the first reactor comprises a single ebullated bed reactor. 
     
     
       19. The process of  claim 10 , wherein the second reactor comprises at least one of an ebullated bed reactor and a fixed bed reactor. 
     
     
       20. The process of  claim 10 , wherein the fractionating comprises feeding the first reactor effluent and the second reactor effluent to a common fractionation system. 
     
     
       21. A process for upgrading resid, comprising:
 hydrocracking a resid in a first reaction stage to form a first stage effluent; 
 hydrocracking a deasphalted oil fraction in a second reaction stage to form a second stage effluent; 
 feeding the first stage effluent and the second stage effluent to a separation system; 
 fractionating the first stage effluent and the second stage effluent in the separation system to recover at least one distillate hydrocarbon fraction and a resid hydrocarbon fraction; 
 feeding the resid hydrocarbon fraction to a solvent deasphalting unit to provide an asphaltene fraction and the deasphalted oil fraction.