Antibacterial agents: salinamide derivatives

Abstract

The invention provides compounds of formula (I): and salts thereof, wherein X and Y have any of the values defined herein. The compounds inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase, inhibit bacterial growth, and have applications in, analysis of RNA polymerase structure and function, control of bacterial gene expression, control of bacterial growth, antibacterial chemistry, antibacterial therapy, and drug discovery.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method to treat a bacterial infection in an animal comprising administering a compound of formula (I): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
         X is one of —Br, —I, —OR, —SR, and —NHR; Y is one of —Br, —I, —OR, —SR, and —NHR; 
         and at least one of X and Y is OH; 
         each R is independently H or a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon chain, having from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by (—O—) or (—NR a —), and wherein the chain is optionally substituted on carbon with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylthio, azido, cyano, nitro, halo, hydroxy, oxo, carboxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, a hydrogen-bonding group, and a negatively charged functional group; and 
         each R a  is independently H or (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; 
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the animal. 
       
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is a compound of formula (Ia): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a salt thereof. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2 , wherein X is one of —Br, —I, —OR, and —SR; wherein R consists of a chain of about 3 to about 6 consecutively bonded non-hydrogen atoms, and contains a hydrogen-bonding or negatively charged functional group. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 3 , wherein R consists of a chain of about 3 to about 4 consecutively bonded non-hydrogen atoms, and contains a hydrogen-bonding or negatively charged functional group. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein R is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon chain, having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by (—O—) or (—NR a —), and wherein the chain is optionally substituted on carbon with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyloxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxycarbonyl, halo, hydroxy, oxo, carboxy, aryl, aryloxy, a hydrogen-bonding group, and a negatively charged functional group. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein X is one of —Br and —I. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein X is one of —OR, —SR, and —NHR, and R is H or consists of a chain of about 3 to about 8 consecutively bonded non-hydrogen atoms and contains a hydrogen-bonding or negatively charged functional group. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7 , wherein R consists of a chain of about 3 to about 6 consecutively bonded non-hydrogen atoms and contains a hydrogen-bonding or negatively charged functional group. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-bonding group is selected from amine, hydroxyl, thiol, ether, thioether, carbonyl, thionyl, carboxyl, thiocarboxyl, amide, thioamide, ester, thioester, sulfonic acid sulfonic acid ester, sulfonamide, phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid ester, phosphonamide, boronic acid, boronic acid ester, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, carbazole, pyrroline, indole, isoindole, indoline, indolizine, furan, pyran, ben zofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, napthyridine, oxazole, isoxazole, benzoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, benthiazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, triazine, indazole, purine, pteridine, phthalazine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, acridine, phenazine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, and ionized forms and salts thereof. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the negatively charged functional group is selected from carboxyl, thiocarboxyl, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid ester, boronic acid, triazole, tetrazole, purine, and thiol, and ionized forms and salts thereof. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1 , wherein X is one of —O(CH 2 ) n C(OH)(R′)R″, —O(CH2) n C(O)R′, —O(CH 2 ) n C(O)OR′, —O(CH 2 ) n C(O)NR′R″, —O(CH 2 ) n OC(H)(R′)R″, —S(CH 2 ) n C(OH)(R′)R″, —S(CH 2 ) n C(O)R′, —S(CH 2 ) n C(O)OR′, —S(CH 2 ) n C(O)NR′R″, —S(CH 2 ) n OC(H)(R′)R″, —NH(CH 2 ) n C(OH)(R′)R″, —NH(CH 2 ) n C(O)R′, —NH(CH 2 ) n C(O)OR′, —NH(CH 2 ) n C(O)NR′″, and —NH(CH 2 ) n OC(H)(R′)R″; wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; and wherein R′ and R″ each independently is one of H, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and C 1 -C 3  alkyl substituted by one or more halogen. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 11 , wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or salts thereof. 
       
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or salts thereof.