Targeted pharmacological chaperones

Abstract

The present invention relates to the preparation and use of therapeutic compounds for the treatment of diseases at specific subcellular target areas such as specific cellular organelles. In particular, the therapeutic compounds of the invention are specific for modifying enzyme activity within targeted organelles or structures of cells and tissues. Subcellular organelles and structures that may be specifically targeted by compounds of the present invention include lysosomes, autophagasomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, peroxisomes, the nucleus, membranes and the mitochondria.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method of treating a lysosomal storage disease in a subject, comprising:
 A. preparing a targeted pharmacological chaperone having the general formula:
   T-LINK-DRUG 
 
 where T represents a targeting group that is a peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, and SEQ ID NO:25; 
 whew DRUG represents a small molecule compound selected from the group consisting of nojirimycins, alkyl Glucosamines, and thioglycosides; 
 where LINK represents an optional linking group having 1-20 non-hydrogen atoms selected from the group consisting of C, N, O and S composed of any combination of chemical bonds, including ether, thioether, succinylthioether, benzylthioether, amine, ester, carboxamide, sulfonamide, hydrazide bonds, and single, double, triple carbon-carbon bonds, and aromatic or heteroaromatic bonds; and 
 B. administering a therapeutically effective amount of said targeted pharmacological chaperone to a subject suffering from a lysosomal storage disease. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1  wherein the LINK groups are composed of any combination of single carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-sulfur bonds including methylenes, oligomethylenes, phenylenes, thienyls, carboxamides, and sulfonamides. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , wherein LINK contains 1-6 carbon atoms and has the formula —(CH 2 ) a (N(COCH 2 ) z —, where a has any value from 0-5 and z is 1 or 2. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein LINK has the formula —(CH 2 ) a (N(COPh CH 2 )—, where a has any value from 0-5. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the LINK contains a reactive group selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, maleimide, benzylchloromethyl, iodoacetamide or a peptide reactive functionality for attachment of LINK to the Targeting Group T. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the DRUG is selected from the group consisting of deoxynojirimycin, deoxygalactonojirimycin, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, N-alkylgalactonojirimycin, N-butyldeoxymannonojirimycin, N-alkyl-deoxymannonojirimycin, N-butyl-2-deoxy-2-N-acetylnojirimycin, N-alkyl-2-deoxy-2-N-acetylnojirimycin, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin N-butylmaleimide, 1-deoxymannonojirimycin N-butylmaleimide, 1-deoxynojirimycin N-ethylmaleimide, D-Glucosamine N-butylmaleimide, 1-thio-deoxyglucose, p-carboxyphenethyl-1-thio-1-deoxy-glucose, and 2-[4-(5-carboxypentyl)phenyl]ethyl-1-deoxy-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside, and N-(4′-maleimidobutyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1  wherein said targeted pharmacological chaperone further comprises one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted carboxylic acid ester and an alkyloxy substituted carboxylic acid ester. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7  wherein said substituent is selected from the group consisting of an acetoxymethyl (AM) ester and an acetate esters. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the targeted pharmacological chaperone is selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and OH, and 
         where peptide is selected from the group consisting of AcCKGGAKL, Ac-VVVKKKRKVVC, Ac-CFFKDEL, and GASDYQRLC; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and OH, and 
         where peptide is selected from the group consisting of AcCKGGAKL, Ac-VVVKKKRKVVC, Ac-CFFKDEL, and GASDYQRLC; and 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and OH, and 
         where peptide is selected from the group consisting of CKGGAKL, VVVKKKRKVVC, CFFKDEL, and GASDYQRLC. 
       
     
     
       10. A method of treating a lysosomal storage disease in a subject, comprising:
 A. preparing a targeted pharmacological chaperone wherein the targeted pharmacological chaperone is selected from the group consisting of: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and OH, and 
           where peptide is selected from the group consisting of AcCKGGAKL, Ac-VVVKKKRKVVC, Ac-CFFKDEL, and GASDYQRLC; 
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and OH, and 
         where peptide is selected from the group consisting of AcCKGGAKL, Ac-VVVKKKRKVVC, Ac-CFFKDEL, and GASDYQRLC; and 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and OH, and 
         where peptide is selected from the group consisting of CKGGAKL, VVVKKKRKVVC, CFFKDEL, and GASDYQRLC; and 
         B. administering a therapeutically effective amount of said targeted pharmacological chaperone to a subject suffering from a lysosomal storage disease. 
       
     
     
       11. A method as in  claim 10 , wherein the targeted pharmacological chaperone or chaperones are administered to the subject undergoing enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for the disease, wherein the targeted pharmacological chaperone acts to deliver the enzyme into the cells and partition it into specific organelles within the diseased patient cells. 
     
     
       12. A composition having the general formula:
   T-LINK-DRUG 
 where T represents a targeting group that is a peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, and SEQ ID NO:25; 
 where DRUG represents a small molecule compound selected from the group consisting of nojirimycins, alkyl Glucosamines, and thioglycosides; and 
 where LINK represents an optional linking group having 1-20 non-hydrogen atoms selected from the group consisting of C, N, O an S composed of any combination of chemical bonds, including ether, thioether, succinylthioether, benzylthioether, amine, ester, carboxamide, sulfonamide, hydrazide bonds, and single, double, triple carbon-carbon bonds, and aromatic or heteroaromatic bonds. 
 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 10  wherein said targeted pharmacological chaperone further comprises ore or more substituents selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted carboxylic acid ester and an alkyloxy substituted carboxylic acid ester. 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 13  wherein said substituent is selected from the group consisting of an acetoxymethyl (AM) ester and an acetate ester.