Silver oxide formulations

Abstract

A formulation including at least one silver oxide including a silver(II) oxide, the silver(II) oxide having an irregular macrocrystal structure, the silver oxide having an average particle size (D 50 ) below 8 micrometers, the irregular macrocrystal structure characterized by a diffraction peak in a {111} diffraction plane having at least one of the following structural properties: (i) a measured full width half maximum (FWHM) of the peak being at least 0.24 degrees of 2θ; and (ii) a net full width half maximum (net FWHM) of the peak being at least 0.14 degrees of 2θ.

We claim: 
     
       1. A formulation comprising at least one silver oxide including a silver(II) oxide, said at least one silver oxide having an average particle size (D 50 ) within a range of from above 0.8 micrometers to below 8 micrometers, said silver(II) oxide having an irregular macrocrystal structure,
 said irregular macrocrystal structure characterized by a diffraction peak in a {111} diffraction plane, said diffraction peak having at least one of the following structural properties: 
 (i) a measured full width half maximum (FWHM) of at least 0.30 degrees of 2θ and not more than 0.466 degrees of 2θ; and 
 (ii) a net full width half maximum (net FWHM) of at least 0.20 degrees of 2θ and not more than 0.366 degrees of 2θ; 
 the formulation being a topical formulation suitable for application to skin tissue, wherein said silver oxide predominantly includes said silver(II) oxide. 
 
     
     
       2. The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein said silver oxide includes silver(I) oxide, and wherein a ratio of said silver(I) oxide to said silver(II) oxide is at least 0.05:1, by weight. 
     
     
       3. The formulation of  claim 1 , said average particle size (D 50 ) being within a range of from above 0.8 micrometers to 4.5 micrometers. 
     
     
       4. The formulation of  claim 1 , containing at least 0.05%, by weight, of said silver(II) oxide. 
     
     
       5. The formulation of  claim 3 , said average particle size (D 50 ) being within a range of from above 0.8 micrometers to below 3 micrometers. 
     
     
       6. The formulation of  claim 2 , wherein said base material includes a liquid wax ester. 
     
     
       7. The formulation of  claim 6 , wherein said liquid wax ester includes jojoba oil. 
     
     
       8. The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein said silver oxide includes a silver(I) oxide, and wherein said ratio of said silver(I) oxide to said silver(II) oxide is less than 5:1, by weight. 
     
     
       9. The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein said measured full width half maximum (FWHM) is at least 0.35 degrees of said 2θ. 
     
     
       10. The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein said net full width half maximum (FWHM) is at least 0.25 degrees of said 2θ. 
     
     
       11. The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein said irregular macrocrystal structure is structurally characterized by a lability pattern of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) performed on said solid phase in a chamber, under a pure nitrogen environment and a temperature ramp rate of 10° C./minute, and wherein a derivative of weight loss of said solid phase with respect to a temperature change in said chamber peaks at a temperature below 202° C. 
     
     
       12. The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein said irregular macrocrystal structure is structurally characterized by a lability pattern of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) performed on said solid phase in a chamber, under a pure nitrogen environment and a temperature ramp rate of 10° C./minute, and wherein a first shoulder of a derivative of weight loss of said solid phase with respect to a temperature change in said chamber appears below 165° C. 
     
     
       13. A formulation comprising a solid phase containing at least one silver oxide including a silver(II) oxide, said silver(II) oxide having an irregular macrocrystal structure, said silver oxide having an average particle size (D 50 ) within a range of from above 0.8 micrometers to below 8 micrometers,
 wherein said irregular macrocrystal structure is structurally characterized by a lability pattern of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) performed on said solid phase in a chamber, under a pure nitrogen environment and a temperature ramp rate of 10° C./minute, said lability pattern characteristic of structural properties within said irregular macrocrystal structure, 
 said lability pattern having both of the following properties: 
 (i) a derivative of weight loss of said solid phase with respect to a temperature change in said chamber peaks at a temperature below 202° C. and at least 194° C.; and 
 (ii) a first shoulder of said derivative appears below 160° C. and at least 148° C., 
 the formulation being a topical formulation suitable for application to skin tissue, wherein said silver oxide predominantly includes said silver(II) oxide. 
 
     
     
       14. The formulation of  claim 13 , wherein, within said topical formulation, said silver oxide is dispersed in a base material. 
     
     
       15. The formulation of  claim 13 , wherein said first shoulder of said derivative appears below 155° C. 
     
     
       16. The formulation of  claim 14 , wherein said first shoulder of said derivative appears below 150° C. 
     
     
       17. A formulation comprising at least one silver oxide including a silver(II) oxide, said at least one silver oxide having an average particle size (D 50 ) within a range of from above 0.8 micrometers to below 8 micrometers, said silver(II) oxide having an irregular macrocrystal structure,
 said irregular macrocrystal structure characterized by a diffraction peak in a {111} diffraction plane, said diffraction peak having at least one of the following structural properties: 
 (i) a measured full width half maximum (FWHM) of said peak is at least 0.30 degrees of 2θ and not more than 0.466 degrees of 2θ; and 
 (ii) a net full width half maximum (net FWHM) of said peak is at least 0.20 degrees of 2θ and not more than 0.366 degrees of 2θ; 
 the formulation being a topical formulation suitable for application to skin tissue, and wherein, within said topical formulation, said silver oxide is dispersed in a base material. 
 
     
     
       18. The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the measured full width half maximum (FWHM) of said peak is at least 0.32 degrees of 2θ. 
     
     
       19. The formulation of  claim 17 , wherein the net full width half maximum (net FWHM) of said peak is at least 0.22 degrees of 2θ.