Actuator systems for oral-based appliances

Abstract

Actuator systems for oral-based appliances utilizing transducers which are attached, adhered, or otherwise embedded into or upon a dental or oral appliance to form a hearing aid assembly. Such oral appliances may be a custom-made device which receives incoming sounds and transmits the processed sounds via a vibrating transducer element. The transducer element may utilize electromagnetic or piezoelectric transducer mechanisms and may be positioned directly along the dentition or along an oral appliance housing in various configurations.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An apparatus, comprising:
 a housing that is configured to engage at least one tooth without requiring anatomical modification of the at least one tooth or bonding to the at least one tooth; 
 a transducer disposed within or upon the housing and configured to transmit vibrations to a surface of the at least one tooth, wherein said apparatus produces an interference fit between the apparatus and at least two surfaces of the at least one tooth; 
 an electronics assembly in communication with the transducer; and 
 a mass element coupled to the transducer and movable relative to the housing whereby movement of the mass element generates a force transmittable through the surface of the at least one tooth. 
 
     
     
       2. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the housing comprises at least two arm members configured to be placed against opposite sides of the at least one tooth in a secure manner and a span member joining the two arm members. 
     
     
       3. The apparatus of  claim 2  wherein the housing is removably securable to the at least one tooth. 
     
     
       4. The apparatus of  claim 2  wherein the span member is configured to be placed against a posterior surface of the at least one tooth. 
     
     
       5. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the housing comprises at least a first arm member configured to be placed against a first side of the at least one tooth and at least a second arm member configured to be placed against a second side of the tooth, and a span member that joins the first and second arm members. 
     
     
       6. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the housing comprises an oral appliance that conforms to the at least one tooth. 
     
     
       7. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the electronic assembly is disposed within or upon the housing. 
     
     
       8. The apparatus of  claim 7  wherein the electronic assembly is encapsulated within the housing. 
     
     
       9. The apparatus of  claim 7  wherein the electronic assembly further comprises a power supply in electrical communication with the transducer. 
     
     
       10. The apparatus of  claim 9  wherein the power supply comprises a battery. 
     
     
       11. The apparatus of  claim 9  wherein the power supply is rechargeable. 
     
     
       12. The apparatus of  claim 8  wherein the electronic assembly further comprises a processor in electrical communication with the transducer. 
     
     
       13. The apparatus of  claim 12  further comprising a microphone in electrical communication with the processor. 
     
     
       14. The apparatus of  claim 8  wherein the electronic assembly further comprises a receiver in wireless communication with an externally located transmitter assembly. 
     
     
       15. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer is disposed along an outer surface of the housing. 
     
     
       16. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer is disposed along an inner surface of the housing against the surface of the at least one tooth. 
     
     
       17. The apparatus of  claim 1  further comprising at least one additional transducer disposed within or upon the housing and configured to be in vibratory communication with a second surface of the at least one tooth or at least a second tooth. 
     
     
       18. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer is configured to be in vibratory communication with a buccal surface of the at least one tooth. 
     
     
       19. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer comprises an electromagnetic transducer having the mass element freely movable relative to the transducer. 
     
     
       20. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric transducer configured to vibrate in a direction transverse to a length of the transducer. 
     
     
       21. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric transducer configured to vibrate in an elongate direction relative to the transducer. 
     
     
       22. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric transducer configured to vibrate in a shear mode such that opposing surfaces of the transducer vibrate in opposing directions. 
     
     
       23. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer comprises a unimorph or bimorph composite transducer configured to vibrate in a bending mode. 
     
     
       24. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the transducer is coupled to the mass element at a center of the transducer and wherein the transducer is further coupled to the housing around a circumference of the transducer. 
     
     
       25. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the force transmitted through the surface of the at least one tooth is constant over a frequency range of interest. 
     
     
       26. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the apparatus is configured to be removable from the at least one tooth. 
     
     
       27. The apparatus of  claim 1  wherein the housing comprises a polymeric material.