Method and apparatus for electricity generation using electromagnetic induction including thermal transfer between vortex flux generator and refrigerator compartment

Abstract

System and method for generating and storing electricity by electromagnetic induction using a magnetic field modulated by the formation, dissipation, and movement of vortices produced by a vortex material such as a type II superconductor and further including a vortex flux generator in cryostat and a refrigerant compartment having bi-directionally thermal transfer to the vortex flux generator. Magnetic field modulation occurs at the microscopic level, facilitating the production of high frequency electric power. Generator inductors are manufactured using microelectronic fabrication, in at least one dimension corresponding to the spacing of vortices. The vortex material fabrication method establishes the alignment of vortices and generator coils, permitting the electromagnetic induction of energy from many vortices into many coils simultaneously as a cumulative output of electricity. A thermoelectric cycle is used to convert heat energy into electricity.

I claim: 
     
       1. A vortex flux refrigerator comprising:
 a vortex flux generator including:
 a magnetic circuit for producing a magnetic field; 
 vortex material for forming and subsequently dissipating a vortex, whereby upon formation of the vortex, the magnetic field density surrounding the vortex is urged to decrease, and whereby upon subsequent dissipation of the vortex, said urging to decrease ceases, allowing said magnetic field density to increase to its former density prior to the formation of the vortex, the increase and decrease of the magnetic field constituting a modulation of the magnetic field; 
 an inductor comprised of an electrically conducting material segment disposed in the vicinity of the vortex, such that the kinetic energy of the modulation of the magnetic field is transferred by electromagnetic induction into the energy of an electrical current in the inductor, the electrical current constituting generated electricity; and 
 
 a refrigerated compartment operably coupled to the vortex flux generator, the refrigerated compartment having a heat transfer loop including a heat conduction media and a heat exchanger. 
 
     
     
       2. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 1 , wherein a plurality of vortices are formed and dissipated in the vortex material, and a plurality of inductors are disposed respectively to the vortices; together with an interconnecting means for accumulating the electrical current induced into the plurality of inductors into a fewer number of conductors. 
     
     
       3. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 2 , wherein the inductors include at least one predetermined dimension such that the current accumulated from the interconnected inductors induced by electromagnetic induction has a magnitude greater than zero. 
     
     
       4. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 3 , wherein the inductor is comprised of at least one of a coil of electrically conductive matter, and an inductor fabricated using microelectronic fabrication. 
     
     
       5. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 4 , wherein the inductor fabricated using microelectronic fabrication is comprised of a plurality of layers of material wherein said layers of material are comprised of electrically conductive layers which form an arc segment that is not closed upon itself, electrical insulator materials and interconnecting electrical conductors through the insulator. 
     
     
       6. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 5 , wherein the inductor is aligned to the urged location of vortex by an alignment means, and the means to dispose the inductor in the vicinity of the vortex is comprised of at least one of an inductor fabricated on the same substrate upon which the vortex material is fabricated, and an inductor that is fabricated on a substrate that is fabricated apart from the vortex material and then assembled by sandwiching the inductor and vortex material together. 
     
     
       7. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 2 , wherein a means to urge vortices to form at predetermined positions respectively to the position of the inductors is deployed. 
     
     
       8. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 7 , wherein the means to urge vortices to form at predetermined positions respectively to inductors is comprised of a at least one of a means to urge a gradient in the magnetic field density, and a means for a change in the uniformity of the vortex material. 
     
     
       9. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 8 , wherein the means to urge a gradient of the magnetic field density is comprised of at least one of a means for a static gradient change in the magnet means, and a means for a dynamic gradient change in the magnetic field. 
     
     
       10. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 9 , wherein the change in the uniformity of the vortex material is comprised of at least one of a change in the dimension, a change in the molecular composition, and a change in the crystal lattice structure. 
     
     
       11. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 1 , wherein the vortex material is comprised of at least one of a re-entrant vortex material, a non-re-entrant vortex material, and a vortex material which is controlled by a means of stimulation nearby the vortex material. 
     
     
       12. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 11 , wherein the external stimulation used to control said vortex material urges the formation and dissipation of a vortex by a control means for the transfer of energy into and out of the vortex material. 
     
     
       13. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 12 , wherein the control means for the transfer of energy into and out of the vortex material utilizes energy comprised of at least one of thermal conduction, electrical current, electromagnetic energy, nuclear energy, and magnetic field modulation energy. 
     
     
       14. The vortex flux refrigerator of  claim 1 , wherein magnetic flux modulation occurs by at least one of the movement of magnetic flux density together as urged by the movement of a vortex respectively to the inductor, increased density of magnetic flux within the vortex as compared to the density of flux surrounding the vortex, and displacement of magnetic flux density from one vortex to another. 
     
     
       15. A method of operation of a vortex flux generator to implement a cyclical process, comprising:
 forming vortices utilizing a vortex material within a magnetic circuit having an associated magnetic field, whereby the said forming transfers energy from the vortex material to the magnetic field, causing the magnetic field density surrounding vortices to decrease and the magnetic field density within vortices to increase, wherefrom the energy of the changing magnetic field density is converted to electricity in inductors disposed near the vortices; 
 dissipating said vortices, whereby the said magnetic field density returns to its former density that existed before the vortices formed, wherefrom the energy of the said magnetic field density that returns as said to its former density is a changing magnetic field density that is converted to electricity in said inductors; and 
 providing bidirectional heat flow to transfer heat via a heat conduction media and an exchanger out of and into a refrigerated compartment from the vortex flux generator. 
 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 15 , wherein:
 energy is transferred that is comprised of at least one of a transfer of energy into the vortex material, and a transfer of energy out of the vortex material; 
 the energy transferred is comprised of a least one form of energy; 
 the manufacture of the inductors and the interconnects between the inductors is comprised of microelectronic fabrication in at least one dimension corresponding to the spacing of the vortices; 
 the vortex material is comprised of a material fabricated such that the vortices form at predetermined positions; and 
 wherein the alignment of the inductors to the predetermined positions of the vortices is comprised of an alignment means. 
 
     
     
       17. A vortex flux generator comprising:
 a magnetic circuit for producing a magnetic field; 
 a first and a second vortex material disposed in the magnetic field for forming and subsequently dissipating vortices, whereby upon formation of the vortices, the magnetic field density surrounding the vortices decreases, and whereby upon subsequent dissipation of the vortices, the magnetic field density increases to its former density that existed prior to the formation of the vortices, the increase and decrease of the magnetic field constituting a modulation of the magnetic field; 
 inductors comprised of an electrically conducting material segments disposed in the vicinity of the vortices, such that the kinetic energy of the modulation of the magnetic field is transferred by electromagnetic induction into the energy of an electrical current in the inductors, the electrical current constituting generated electricity; 
 a vortex flux refrigerator including a refrigerated compartment, the refrigerated compartment having a heat transfer loop including a heat conduction media and a heat exchanger; 
 wherein the inductors are interconnected to accumulate the electricity into a fewer number of electrical conductors; 
 wherein the inductors are fabricated using microelectronic fabrication in at least one dimension corresponding to the spacing of the vortices; 
 wherein the first and the second vortex material is comprised of a material fabricated such that the vortices form at predetermined positions; and 
 wherein the alignment of the inductors to the predetermined positions of the vortices is comprised of an alignment means. 
 
     
     
       18. The vortex flux generator of  claim 17 , wherein the inductors fabricated using microelectronic fabrication are comprised of a plurality of layers of material wherein said layers of material are comprised of electrically conductive layers which form an arc segment that is not closed upon itself, electrical insulator materials and interconnecting electrical conductors through the insulator;
 wherein the inductors are aligned to the urged location of vortices by an alignment means, and 
 wherein deposition of the inductors in the vicinity of the vortices is comprised of at least one of inductors fabricated on the same substrate upon which the vortex material is fabricated, and inductors fabricated on a substrate that is fabricated apart from the vortex material and then assembled by sandwiching the inductor between the first and the second vortex material. 
 
     
     
       19. The vortex flux generator of  claim 17 , wherein the means to urge vortices to form at predetermined positions respectively to inductors is comprised of a at least one of a means to urge a gradient in the magnetic field density, and a means for a change in the uniformity of the vortex material. 
     
     
       20. The vortex flux generator of  claim 19 , wherein a change in the uniformity of the vortex material includes at least one of a change in the dimension, a change in the molecular composition, and a change in the crystal lattice structure.