Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display device

Abstract

To show a liquid-crystal composition having at least one or a suitable balance regarding at least two of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature thereof, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and heat; and an AM device including the composition and having short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio or a long service life. The liquid-crystal composition has negative dielectric anisotropy and contains a specific compound having a high maximum temperature and small viscosity as a first component, and the composition may contain a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a second component, a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a third component, and a specific compound having a polymerizable group as an additive component.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A liquid crystal composition that has a negative dielectric anisotropy, and contains at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (1), R 1  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; ring A and ring B are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, or pyridine-2,5-diyl; Z 1  and Z 2  are independently a single bond, —CH2CH2—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO— or —OCO—; L 1 , L 2  and L 3  are independently hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine; X 1  and X 2  are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and a is 0, 1, 2 or 3. 
       
     
     
       2. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 1 , containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (1-1) to (1-8) as the first component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (1-1) to formula (1-8), R 1  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; and X 1  and X 2  are independently hydrogen or fluorine. 
       
     
     
       3. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 1 , wherein a proportion of the first component is in the range of 3% by weight to 30% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition. 
     
     
       4. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 1 , containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2) as a second component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (2), R 2  and R 3  are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbons; ring C and ring E are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl; ring D is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-5-methyl-1,4-phenylene, 3,4,5-trifluoronaphthalene-2,6-diyl or 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl; Z 3  and Z 4  are independently a single bond, ethylene, carbonyloxy or methyleneoxy; b is 1, 2 or 3; c is 0 or 1; and a sum of b and c is 3 or less. 
       
     
     
       5. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 4 , containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (2-1) to (2-21) as the second component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (2-1) to formula (2-21), R 2  and R 3  are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbons. 
       
     
     
       6. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 4 , wherein a proportion of the second component is in the range of 10% by weight to 90% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition. 
     
     
       7. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 1 , containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (3) as a third component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (3), R 1  and R 5  are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; ring F and ring G are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; Z 5  is a single bond, ethylene, carbonyloxy or methyleneoxy; and d is 1, 2 or 3. 
       
     
     
       8. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 7 , containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (3-1) to (3-13) as the third component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (3-1) to formula (3-13), R 4  and R 5  are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine. 
       
     
     
       9. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 7 , wherein a proportion of the third component is in the range of 20% by weight to 70% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition. 
     
     
       10. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 4 , containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (3) as a third component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (3), R 4  and R 5  are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; ring F and ring G are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; Z 5  is a single bond, ethylene, carbonyloxy or methyleneoxy; and d is 1, 2 or 3. 
       
     
     
       11. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 1 , containing at least one polymerizable compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (4) as an additive component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (4), ring J and ring L are independently cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, pyrimidine-2-yl or pyridine-2-yl, and in the rings, at least one piece of hydrogen maybe replaced by fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; ring K is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene-1,3-diyl, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-1,5-diyl, naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine-2,5-diyl, and in the rings, at least one piece of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; Z 6  and Z 7  are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkylene, at least one piece of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, and at least one piece of —CH 2 —CH 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH—, —C(CH 3 )═CH—, —CH═C(CH 3 )— or —C(CH 3 )═C(CH 3 )—, and in the groups, at least one piece of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine; P 1 , P 2  and P 3  are independently a polymerizable group; Sp 1 , Sp 2  and Sp 3  are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkylene, at least one piece of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—, —COO—, —OCO— or —OCOO—, and at least one piece of —CH 2 —CH 2 —may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —CC—, and in the groups, at least one piece of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine; e is 0, 1 or 2; f, g and h are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and a sum of f, g and h is 1 or more. 
       
     
     
       12. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 11 , wherein, in formula (4), P 1 , P 2  and P 3  are independently a polymerizable group selected from the group of groups represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-6): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (P-1) to formula (P-6), M 1 , M 2  and M 3  are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons, or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; 
         wherein, in formula (4), when all of f pieces of P 1  and h pieces of P 3  are the group represented by formula (P-4), at least one of f pieces of Sp 1  and h pieces of Sp 3  is alkylene in which at least one piece of —CH 2 — is replaced by —O—, —COO—, —OCO— or —OCOO—. 
       
     
     
       13. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 11 , containing at least one polymerizable compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (4-1) to (4-27) as the additive component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (4-1) to formula (4-27), P 4 , P 5  and P 6  are independently a polymerizable group selected from the group of groups represented by formula (P-1) to formula (P-3); 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (P-1) to formula (P-3), M 1 , M 2  and M 3  are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons, or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; 
         wherein, in formula (4-1) to formula (4-27), Sp 1 , Sp 2  and Sp 3  are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkylene, at least one piece of —CH2— may be replaced by —O—, —COO—, —OCO— or —OCOO—, and at least one piece of —CH 2 —CH 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and in the groups, at least one piece of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine. 
       
     
     
       14. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 11 , wherein a proportion of addition of the additive component is in the range of 0.03% by weight to 10% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition. 
     
     
       15. The liquid crystal composition according to  claim 10 , containing at least one polymerizable compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (4) as an additive component: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in formula (4), ring J and ring L are independently cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, pyrimidine-2-yl or pyridine-2-yl, and in the rings, at least one piece of hydrogen maybe replaced by fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; ring K is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene-1,3-diyl, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-1,5-diyl, naphthalene-1, 6-diyl, naphthalene-1, 7-diyl, naphthalene-1, 8-diyl, naphthalene-2, 3-diyl, naphthalene-2, 6-diyl, naphthalene-2, 7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine-2,5-diyl, and in the rings, at least one piece of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one piece of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; Z 6  and Z 7  are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkylene, at least one piece of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —COO—or —OCO—, and at least one piece of —CH 2 —CH 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH—, —C (CH 3 )═CH—, —CH═C(H 3 )— or —C(CH 3 )═C (CH 3 ) —, and in the groups, at least one piece of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine; P 1 , P 2  and P 3  are independently a polymerizable group; Sp 1 , Sp 2  and Sp 3  are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkylene, at least one piece of —CH 2 —may be replaced by —O—, —COO—, —OCO— or —OCOO—, and at least one piece of —CH 2 —CH 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and in the groups, at least one piece of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine; e is 0, 1 or 2; f, g and h are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and a sum of f, g and h is 1 or more. 
       
     
     
       16. A liquid crystal display device, including the liquid crystal composition according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
       17. The liquid crystal display device according to  claim 16 , wherein an operating mode in the liquid crystal display device includes an IPS mode, a VA mode, an FFS mode or an FPA mode, and a driving mode in the liquid crystal display device includes an active matrix mode. 
     
     
       18. A polymer sustained alignment mode liquid crystal display device, wherein the liquid crystal display device includes the liquid crystal composition according to  claim 11 , or the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition is polymerized.