Solid-rocket propellants

Abstract

Solid-fuel rocket propellants comprising an oxidizer, an oxophilic metal-halophilic metal formulation, and a binder are described herein. Further described are processes for preparing such propellants and methods of reducing hydrogen chloride production via the combustion of such propellants. Non-limiting examples of such formulations include aluminum-lithium alloys.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A solid-rocket propellant comprising an aluminum-lithium alloy, aluminum, an oxidizer, and a binder wherein the ratio of lithium to aluminum in the alloy is between 17% and about 34% by weight. 
     
     
       2. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 1 , wherein the alloy is crystalline. 
     
     
       3. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 2 , wherein the crystalline phase of the alloy is simple cubic. 
     
     
       4. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 1 , wherein the amount of aluminum-lithium alloy in the propellant is between about 5% and about 40% by weight, the amount of oxidizer is between about 55% and about 79% by weight, and the amount of binder is between about 5% and about 25% by weight. 
     
     
       5. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 4 , wherein the amount of aluminum-lithium alloy in the propellant is between about 20% and about 40% by weight, the amount of oxidizer is between about 55% and about 65% by weight, and the amount of binder is from about 8% to about 15%. 
     
     
       6. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 1 , further comprising an additive. 
     
     
       7. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 6 , wherein the additive is a high explosive, a catalyst, a burn-rate modifier, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
       8. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 1 , wherein the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate, and the binder is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, dicyclopentadiene, Polyurethane, Plasticized nitrocellulose, Glycidyl Azide polymers, oxetane polymers, oxirane polymers, bis-azidomethyloxetane/azideomethylmethyloxetane or combinations thereof. 
     
     
       9. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 5 , wherein the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate, and the binder is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, dicyclopentadiene, Polyurethane, Plasticized nitrocellulose, Glycidyl Azide polymers, oxetane polymers, oxirane polymers, bis-azidomethyloxetane/azideomethylmethyloxetane or combinations thereof and wherein the alloy is crystalline. 
     
     
       10. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 1 , wherein the ratio of lithium to aluminum in the propellant is between about 14% and 24% by weight. 
     
     
       11. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 10 , wherein the ratio of lithium to aluminum is between about 16% and 18% by weight and the alloy is crystalline. 
     
     
       12. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 11 , wherein the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate and the binder is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, dicyclopentadiene, Polyurethane, Plasticized nitrocellulose, Glycidyl Azide polymers, oxetane polymers, oxirane polymers, bis-azidomethyloxetane/azideomethylmethyloxetane or combinations thereof. 
     
     
       13. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 1 , wherein the ratio of lithium to aluminum is between about 19% and about 21% by weight and the alloy is crystalline. 
     
     
       14. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 13 , wherein the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate and the binder is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, dicyclopentadiene, Polyurethane, Plasticized nitrocellulose, Glycidyl Azide polymers, oxetane polymers, oxirane polymers, bis-azidomethyloxetane/azideomethylmethyloxetane or combinations thereof. 
     
     
       15. A solid-rocket propellant comprising an aluminum-lithium alloy, wherein the ratio of lithium to aluminum in the alloy is between 17% and about 34% by weight, an oxidizer, and a binder. 
     
     
       16. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 15 , further comprising neat aluminum. 
     
     
       17. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 16 , wherein the alloy is crystalline. 
     
     
       18. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 17 , wherein the crystalline phase of the alloy is simple cubic. 
     
     
       19. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 15 , wherein the amount of aluminum-lithium alloy in the propellant is between about 5% and about 40% by weight, the amount of oxidizer is between about 55% and about 79% by weight, and the amount of binder is between about 5% and about 25% by weight. 
     
     
       20. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 19 , wherein the amount of aluminum-lithium alloy in the propellant is between about 20% and about 40% by weight, the amount of oxidizer is between about 55% and about 65% by weight, and the amount of binder is from about 8% to about 15%. 
     
     
       21. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 15 , further comprising an additive. 
     
     
       22. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 21 , wherein the additive is a high explosive, a catalyst, a burn-rate modifier, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
       23. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 15 , wherein the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate, and the binder is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, dicyclopentadiene, Polyurethane, Plasticized nitrocellulose, Glycidyl Azide polymers, oxetane polymers, oxirane polymers, bis-azidomethyloxetane/azideomethylmethyloxetane or combinations thereof. 
     
     
       24. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 20 , wherein the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate, and the binder is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, dicyclopentadiene, Polyurethane, Plasticized nitrocellulose, Glycidyl Azide polymers, oxetane polymers, oxirane polymers, bis-azidomethyloxetane/azideomethylmethyloxetane or combinations thereof and wherein the alloy is crystalline. 
     
     
       25. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 16 , wherein the ratio of lithium to aluminum in the propellant is between about 14% and 24% by weight. 
     
     
       26. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 25 , wherein the ratio of lithium to aluminum is between about 16% and 18% by weight and the alloy is crystalline. 
     
     
       27. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 26 , wherein the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate and the binder is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, dicyclopentadiene, Polyurethane, Plasticized nitrocellulose, Glycidyl Azide polymers, oxetane polymers, oxirane polymers, bis-azidomethyloxetane/azideomethylmethyloxetane or combinations thereof. 
     
     
       28. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 16 , wherein the ratio of lithium to aluminum is between about 19% and about 21% by weight and the alloy is crystalline. 
     
     
       29. The solid-rocket propellant of  claim 28 , wherein the oxidizer is ammonium perchlorate and the binder is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, carboxyl terminated polybutadiene, Polybutadiene acrylonitrile, dicyclopentadiene, Polyurethane, Plasticized nitrocellulose, Glycidyl Azide polymers, oxetane polymers, oxirane polymers, bis-azidomethyloxetane/azideomethylmethyloxetane or combinations thereof.