Cyclopamine analogs

Abstract

The invention provides derivatives of cyclopamine having the following formula:

It is claimed: 
     
       1. A process for preparing a compound of formula 136: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         Y is CR 7 R 8 ; 
         R 1  is H, alkyl, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbamoyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, sugar or a protected hydroxyl group; R 2  is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, nitrile, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaralkyl; or R 1  and R 2  taken together form ═O, ═S, ═N(OR 9 ), ═N(R 9 ), ═C(R 9 ) 2 , or ═N(N(R 9 ) 2 ); 
         each of R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  is, independently, H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaralkyl; or R 3  and R 4  or R 4  and R 5  taken together form a bond; 
         R 6  is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, haloalkyl, —OR 9 , —C(O)R 9 , —CO 2 R 9 , —SO 2 R 9 , —C(O)N(R 9 )(R 9 ), —[C(R 9 ) 2 ] q R 9 , —[(W)—N(R 9 )C(O)] q R 9 , —[(W)—C(O)]R 9 , —[(W)—C(O)O] q R 9 , —[(W)—OC(O)] q R 9 , —[(W)—SO 2 ] q R 9 , —[(W)—N(R 9 )SO 2 ] q R 9 , —[(W)—C(O)N(R 9 )] q R 9 , —[(W)—O] q R 9 , —[(W)—N(R 9 )] q R 9 , —[(W)—S] q R 9 , or a nitrogen protecting group; 
         each W independently for each occurrence is a diradical; 
         each q is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; 
         each of R 7  and R 8  is, independently, H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, nitrile, amido, halide, or ester; and 
         each R 9  is, independently, H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaralkyl; 
         said process comprising the steps of: 
         contacting a compound of formula 136a with a haloalkylzinc phosphate cyclopropanating agent; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  are as defined above; 
         to form said compound of formula 136; 
         where said haloalkylzinc phosphate cyclopropanating agent is formed by combining a phosphoric acid of formula 141a, a dialkylzinc, and a dihaloalkylane of formula 141b: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 each of X and X′ is independently chloride, bromide, or iodide; 
 each of R 7  and R 8  is independently alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl; or R 10  and R 11  taken together have the formula 141c or 141d; 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         m independently for each occurrence is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and 
         each of R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 , is, independently, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or halide. 
       
     
     
       2. The process of  claim 1 , wherein R 7  and R 8  are both H. 
     
     
       3. The process of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is a protected hydroxyl. 
     
     
       4. The process of  claim 1 , wherein R 6  is a nitrogen protecting group. 
     
     
       5. The process of  claim 1  wherein R 10  and R 11  are each 2,6-dimethylphenyl. 
     
     
       6. A process for preparing a compound of formula 137: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         Y is CR 7 R 8 ; 
         R 1  is H, alkyl, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbamoyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, sugar or a protected hydroxyl group; R 2  is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, nitrile, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaralkyl; or R 1  and R 2  taken together form ═O, ═S, ═N(OR 9 ), ═N(R 9 ), ═C(R 9 ) 2 , or ═N(N(R 9 ) 2 ); 
         each of R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  is, independently, H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaralkyl; or R 3  and R 4  or R 4  and R 5  taken together form a bond; 
         R 6  is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, haloalkyl, —OR 9 , —C(O)R 9 , —CO 2 R 9 , —SO 2 R 9 , —C(O)N(R 9 )(R 9 ), —[C(R 9 ) 2 ] q R 9 , —[(W)—N(R 9 )C(O)] q R 9 , —[(W)—C(O)] q R 9 , —[(W)—C(O)O] q R 9 , —[(W)—OC(O)] q R 9 , —[(W)—SO 2 ] q R 9 , —[(W)—N(R 9 )SO 2 ] q R 9 , —[(W)—C(O)N(R 9 )] q R 9 , —[(W)—O] q R 9 , —[(W)—N(R 9 )] q R 9 , —[(W)—S] q R 9 , or a nitrogen protecting group; 
         each W independently for each occurrence is a diradical alkylene having 1-6 carbon atoms; 
         each q is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; 
         each of R 7  and R 8  is, independently, H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, nitrile, amido, halide, or ester; 
         each R 9  is independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaralkyl; 
         said process comprising the steps of: 
         contacting a compound of formula 137a with a haloalkylzinc phosphate cyclopropanating agent; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  are as defined above; 
         to form a compound with formula 137b 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  and Y are as defined above; and 
         contacting said compound of formula 137b with an acid to give said compound of formula 137; 
         where said haloalkylzinc phosphate cyclopropanating agent is formed by combining a phosphoric acid formula 141a, a dialkylzinc, and a dihaloalkylane of formula 141b: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         each of X and X′ is independently chloride, bromide, or iodide; 
         each of R 7  and R 8  is independently H, alkyl, halide, amido, or ester; 
         each of R 10  and R 11  is independently alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl; or R 10  and R 11  taken together have the formula 141c or 141d; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         m independently for each occurrence is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and 
         each of R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 , is, independently, alkyl, aryl, arakyl, or halide. 
       
     
     
       7. The process of  claim 6 ,
 wherein 
 R 1  is a protected hydroxyl group; 
 R 2  is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaralkyl; and 
 R 6  is a nitrogen protecting group. 
 
     
     
       8. The process of  claim 6  wherein R 7  and R 8  are both H. 
     
     
       9. The process of  claim 7 , wherein said protected hydroxyl group is an ester or a carbonate. 
     
     
       10. The process of  claim 7 , wherein said nitrogen protecting group is a carbamate. 
     
     
       11. The process of  claim 7 , wherein said nitrogen protecting group is an amide. 
     
     
       12. The process of  claim 6 , wherein R 2  and R 3  are H and R 4  and R 5  taken together form a bond. 
     
     
       13. The process of  claim 6 , wherein said acid is acetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid or HCl. 
     
     
       14. The process of  claim 6 , wherein said acid is BF 3 , zinc chloride, zinc methanesulfonate, or a zinc salt. 
     
     
       15. A process for preparing a compound of formula 156: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         comprising the steps of: 
         contacting a compound of formula 156a with a haloalkylzinc phosphate cyclopropanating agent to form a compound formula 156b; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and combining said compound of formula 156b with an acid to give said compound of formula 156; 
         wherein 
         R 1  is an oxygen protecting group selected from the group consisting of formate, acetate, chloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, pivaloate, benzoates, alkyl carbonate, alkenyl carbonate, aryl carbonates, aralkyl carbonate, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate, alkoxymethyl ether, aralkoxymethyl ether, alkylthiomethyl ether, aralkylthio ether, arylthio ether, trialkylsilyl ether, alkylarylsilyl ether, benzyl ether, arylmethyl ether, allyl ether; and 
         R 2  is a nitrogen protecting group selected from the group consisted of formyl, chloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, phenyl acetyl, benzoyl, alkyl carbamates, aralkyl carbamates, aryl carbamates, allyl, aralkyl, triarylmethyl, alkoxymethyl, aralkoxymethyl, N-2-cyanoethyl, diarylphosphinamides, dialkylphosphinamidates, diarylphosphinamidates, and trialkylsilyl, 
         where said haloalkylzinc phosphate cyclopropanating agent is formed by combining a phosphoric acid of formula 141a, a dialkylzinc, and a dihaloalkylane of formula 141b: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         each of X and X′ is independently chloride, bromide, or iodide; 
         each of R 7  and R 8  is independently H, alkyl, halide, amido, or ester; 
         each of R 10  and R 11  is independently alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl; or R 10  and R 11  taken together have the formula 141c or 141d; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         m independently for each occurrence is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and 
         each of R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 , is, independently, alkyl, aryl, arakyl, or halide. 
       
     
     
       16. The process of  claim 15 , wherein said oxygen protecting group is alkyl carbonate, aralkyl carbonate, benzoate, pivaloate, or formate. 
     
     
       17. The process of  claim 15 , wherein said nitrogen protecting group is benzoyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, formyl, alkyl carbamates, aralkyl carbamates, or aryl carbamates. 
     
     
       18. The process of  claim 15 , wherein said oxygen protecting group is benzylcarbonate. 
     
     
       19. The process of  claim 15 , wherein said nitrogen protecting group is benzylcarbamate.