Toner compositions

Abstract

A toner comprised of resin, colorant, grinding compound, and wax.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A toner comprised of resin, colorant, grinding compound, and wax. 
     
     
       2. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said wax is comprised of a mixture of waxes. 
     
     
       3. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said wax is comprised of a mixture of from about two to about four waxes. 
     
     
       4. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said wax is comprised of a mixture of from two waxes. 
     
     
       5. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said wax is comprised of a mixture of two waxes, a first wax present in an amount of from about 40 to about 90 weight percent and a second wax present in an amount of from about 10 to about 60 weight percent. 
     
     
       6. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said wax is comprised of a mixture of two waxes, a first wax present in an amount of from about 45 to about 80 weight percent and a second wax present in an amount of from about 20 to about 55 weight percent. 
     
     
       7. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said wax is comprised of a mixture of two waxes of polypropylene and polyethylene. 
     
     
       8. A toner in accordance with claim 7 wherein said polypropylene possesses a weight average molecular weight M w  of from about 5,000 to about 20,000. 
     
     
       9. A toner in accordance with claim 7 wherein said polyethylene possesses an M w  of from about 1,000 to about 10,000. 
     
     
       10. A toner in accordance with claim 7 wherein said polypropylene possesses an M w  of from about 5,000 to about 20,000 and said polyethylene possesses an M w  of from about 1,000 to about 10,000. 
     
     
       11. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said grinding compound is an isopropenyl toluene-butene copolymer or an isopropenyl toluene-pentene copolymer. 
     
     
       12. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said grinding compound is an isopropenyl toluene copolymer with unsaturated hydrocarbons of about 2 to about 8 carbons. 
     
     
       13. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said resin is present in amount of from about 65 to about 85 weight percent and wherein the total of said toner components is about 100 percent. 
     
     
       14. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said resin is present in an amount of from about 70 to about 80 weight percent and wherein the total of said toner components is about 100 percent. 
     
     
       15. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said resin is a styrene acrylate, a styrene methacrylate, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
       16. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said resin is a polyester. 
     
     
       17. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said resin is an extruded polyester, or a crosslinked polyester. 
     
     
       18. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said grinding agent is present in an amount of from about 3 to about 15 weight percent. 
     
     
       19. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said grinding agent is present in an amount of from about 7 to about 10 weight percent. 
     
     
       20. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said colorant is a pigment, a dye or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
       21. A toner in accordance with claim 1 containing surface additives. 
     
     
       22. A toner in accordance with claim 21 wherein said surface additives are selected from the group consisting of silicas, metal oxides, and fatty acid salts. 
     
     
       23. A toner in accordance with claim 21 wherein said surface additives are selected from a mixture of silicas and titanium oxides. 
     
     
       24. A toner in accordance with claim 21 wherein each of said surface additives are present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent. 
     
     
       25. A toner in accordance with claim 22 wherein said surface additives are present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent. 
     
     
       26. A toner in accordance with claim 1 with a negative charge. 
     
     
       27. A toner in accordance with claim 1 further containing surface additives of a coated silica, and wherein said silica has a primary particle size of about 25 nanometers to about 55 nanometers and an aggregate size of about 225 nanometers to about 400 nanometers, and said coating is comprised of a mixture of an alkylsilane and an aminoalkylsilane. 
     
     
       28. A toner in accordance with claim 27 wherein said coating is generated from a mixture of about 10 weight percent to 25 weight percent of an alkylalkoxysilane and about 0.10 weight percent to about 5.0 weight percent of an aminoalkylalkoxysilane. 
     
     
       29. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin is a polyester formed by condensation of propoxylated bisphenol A and a dicarboxylic acid. 
     
     
       30. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin is comprised of a gelled polyester formed by condensation of propoxylated bisphenol A and fumaric acid. 
     
     
       31. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the colorant is carbon black, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, orange, green, violet, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
       32. A developer comprised of the toner of claim 1 and carrier. 
     
     
       33. A developer in accordance with claim 32 wherein the carrier is comprised of a core and a polymer coating. 
     
     
       34. A developer in accordance with claim 32 wherein the carrier is comprised of a core and a polymer coating mixture. 
     
     
       35. A developer in accordance with claim 34 wherein said mixture is comprised of two to four polymers. 
     
     
       36. A developer in accordance with claim 34 wherein said mixture is comprised of two polymers. 
     
     
       37. A developer in accordance with claim 34 wherein said mixture is comprised of two to four polymers of polymethylmethacrylate and polyvinylidene fluoride. 
     
     
       38. A developer in accordance with claim 34 wherein said polymer contains a conductive component dispersed therein. 
     
     
       39. A developer in accordance with claim 36 wherein said polymer contains a conductive component dispersed therein in an amount of from about 20 to about 45 weight percent. 
     
     
       40. A developer in accordance with claim 36 wherein said polymer contains a conductive component dispersed therein in an amount of from about 20 to about 65 weight percent and which component is carbon black. 
     
     
       41. A developer in accordance with claim 32 with a conductivity of from about 10 -6  to about 10 -10  (ohm-cm) -1  and a breakdown potential of no more than 500 volts and, for example, from about 10 volts to about 500 volts. 
     
     
       42. A developer in accordance with claim 32 with a preferred conductivity of from about 10 -7  to about 10 -9  (ohm-cm) -1 . 
     
     
       43. A process for the preparation of a toner comprising admixing resin, colorant, wax, and grinding compound. 
     
     
       44. A process which comprises the formation of an image on an imaging member, and the development of said image with the toner of claim 1 and transferring the image to a substrate. 
     
     
       45. A process which comprises the formation of an image on an imaging member, and the development of said image with the developer of claim 33 and transferring the image to a substrate. 
     
     
       46. A toner in accordance with claim 12 wherein said isopropenyl toluene is meta isopropenyl toluene, ortho isopropenyl toluene, para isopropyl toluene or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
       47. A toner in accordance with claim 12 wherein said hydrocarbon is butene, pentene, hexene, isopropylene, or butadiene. 
     
     
       48. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said grinding component is an alkyl aryl polymer. 
     
     
       49. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said grinding component is polyalkenyl alkyl.