Collapsible gel compositions

Abstract

Ionized crosslinked polyacrylamide gels are provided that are capable of drastic volume changes in response to minor changes in solvent concentration, temperature of pH or salt concentration of the solvent. The gels can contain a metal ion.

We claim: 
     
       1. A method of causing a discontinuous volume change in a gel, said gel including a polymer network defining an interstitial space and a gel fluid filling the interstitial space, comprising the steps of: a) ionizing the gel sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change upon exposure to sufficient electromagnetic radiation; and   b) exposing the gel to electromagnetic radiation sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change.   
     
     
       2. A method of claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic radiation is supplied by conducting an electric current through the gel. 
     
     
       3. A method of causing a discontinuous volume change in a gel, said gel including a polymer network defining an interstitial space and a gel fluid filling the interstitial space, comprising the steps of: a) ionizing the gel sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change upon exposure to metal ions; and   b) exposing the gel to metal ions, whereby the gel exhibits a discontinuous volume change.   
     
     
       4. A method of causing a discontinuous volume change in a gel, said gel including a polymer network defining an interstitial space, a concentration of metal ions dispersed within the interstitial space and a gel fluid filling the interstitial space, comprising the steps of: a) ionizing the gel sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change upon sufficiently changing the metal ion concentration to which the gel is exposed to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change; and   b) changing the metal ion concentration to which the gel is exposed sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change. .Iadd.   
     
     
       5.  A method of causing a discontinuous volume change in a gel including a polymer network defining an interstitial space and a gel fluid filing the interstitial space, comprising the steps of: a) providing a gel ionized in an amount sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change upon exposure to sufficient electromagnetic radiation; and   b) exposing the gel to electromagnetic radiation sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change..Iaddend. .Iadd.6. A method of causing a discontinuous volume change in a gel, said gel including a polymer network defining an interstitial space and a gel fluid filing the interstitial space, comprising the steps of:   a) providing a gel ionized in an amount sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change upon exposure to metal ions; and   b) exposing the gel to metal ions, whereby the gel exhibits a discontinuous volume change..Iaddend. .Iadd.7. A method of causing a discontinuous volume change in a gel said gel including a polymer network defining an interstitial space, a concentration of metal ions dispersed within the interstitial space and a gel fluid filing the interstitial space, comprising the steps of:   a) providing a gel ionized in an amount sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change upon sufficiently changing the metal ion concentration to which the gel is exposed to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change; and   b) changing the metal ion concentration to which the gel is exposed sufficient to cause the gel to exhibit a discontinuous volume change..Iaddend.