Ignition-source free fuel pump

Abstract

Apparatus and method for making an immersed fuel transfer pump free of possible sources of ignition for fuel-vapor mixtures when the pump is run dry. The bearings and face seals are cooled by hydraulic oil used to power the pump, preferably through connecting the case leakage port on a conventional multiple piston type hydraulic motor to the pump as a supply and ducting the leakage through the bearings and near the seals on its way to the reservoir. An auxiliary pump built into the centrifugal pump shaft increases flow over these critical parts via a closed loop. Leakage past the dynamic face seals is led overboard through a flame-quenching passage.

I claim: 
     
       1. A centrifugal pump of the type immersed in a vessel of liquid fuel to empty the vessel and driven by a positive displacement hydraulic motor, the pump being in an ignitable atmosphere and having an impeller shaft, an impeller, and impeller-to-housing dynamic seals as well as the hydraulic motor, in which the improvement comprises: mounting the impeller shaft on angular contact bearings spring preloaded against each other to avoid runout of the impeller which could create friction heat between the impeller and its housing should the pump run dry, and   directing hydraulic oil from the case of the hydraulic motor to an auxiliary pump built into the centrifugal pump shaft, said auxiliary pump forcing circulation of draining hydraulic fluid down a blind hole in the impeller shaft and back, adjacent to the impeller-to-housing dynamic seals and through said angular contact bearings, before returning the hydraulic fluid to its reservoir in order to prevent the impeller-to-housing dynamic seals overheating, and   draining any leakage through the impeller-shaft-to-housing seals to atmosphere outside the vessel through a passage in the centrifugal pump case too long for its diameter to allow a flame front to progress from end to end,   whereby all potential ignition sources due to running the pump dry in an ignitable atmosphere have been supplied with means to reject heat harmlessly should the centrifugal pump be run dry indefinitely.   
     
     
       2. A centrifugal pump as in claim 1 in which said blind hole in said impeller shaft passes the portion of the impeller shaft opposite the impeller-to-shaft dynamic seals. 
     
     
       3. A centrifugal pump as in claim 1 in which the means for spring loading said angular contact bearings is a wave washer. 
     
     
       4. A centrifugal pump as in claim 1 in which said angular contact bearings are tapered roller bearings. 
     
     
       5. A centrifugal pump as in claim 1 in which said auxiliary pump comprises: a plug filling the hole in a hollow portion of the impeller shaft, remote from either end of the hollow portion, and   a crosshole through impeller shaft and plug communicating at the shaft axis with a tube extending from the crosshole to just short of the blind end of the hollow portion of the impeller shaft,   suction holes extending axially through the plug, not communicating with the crosshole, whereby hydraulic fluid will pass through said suction holes, down the tube exterior to its end, back up the tube interior, and be flung out to the exterior of the impeller shaft through the crosshole when the impeller shaft is rotating.   
     
     
       6. A centrifugal pump as in claim 5 in which said crosshole is located between said angular contact bearings and the hydraulic motor case drain is connected to the centrifugal pump housing such that it connects directly both to one angular contact bearing and to the hollow end of said impeller shaft. 
     
     
       7. A circulating pump located in the shaft of a centrifugal fuel transfer pump and used to circulate oil for cooling and lubrication of the centrifugal pump, the circulating pump being internal passages within the shaft, an upright portion communicating with a crosshole, comprising: a T shaped duct inside the shaft of the centrifugal pump, located symmetrically on the shaft axis, the ends of the crosshole communicating with a discharge cavity for coolant and lubrication fluid and the end of the upright portion communicating with a coolant and lubrication fluid source cavity, thus compelling circulation from the fluid source cavity to the discharge cavity. .Iadd.   
     
     
       8.  A centrifugal pump of the type immersed in a vessel of liquid fuel to empty the vessel and driven by a positive displacement hydraulic motor, the pump being in an ignitable atmosphere and having an impeller shaft, an impeller, and impeller-to-housing dynamic seals as well as the hydraulic motor, in which the improvement comprises: mounting the impeller shaft on bearings preloaded to avoid runout of the impeller which could create friction heat between the impeller and its housing should the pump run dry; and   directing hydraulic oil from the case of the hydraulic motor to an auxiliary pump built into the centrifugal pump shaft, said auxiliary pump circulating the hydraulic oil adjacent to the impeller-to-housing dynamic seals and through said bearings, before returning the hydraulic oil to its reservoir in order to prevent the impeller-to-housing dynamic seals overheating. .Iaddend..Iadd.9. The centrifugal pump of claim 8, further including draining any leakage through the impeller-shaft-to-housing seals to atmosphere outside the vessel through a passage in the centrifugal pump case too long for its diameter to allow a flame front to progress from end to end;   whereby all potential ignition sources due to running the pump dry in an ignitable atmosphere have been supplied with means to reject heat harmlessly should the centrifugal pump be run dry indefinitely.   
     
     
        .Iaddend..Iadd.10.  The centrifugal pump of claim 8 wherein said auxiliary pump circulates the hydraulic oil down a blind hole formed in the impeller shaft and back. .Iaddend..Iadd.11. The centrifugal pump as in claim 10 in which said blind hole in said impeller shaft passes the portion of the impeller shaft opposite the impeller-to-shaft dynamic seals. .Iaddend..Iadd.12. The centrifugal pump as in claim 8 in which the means for preloading said bearings is a wave washer. .Iaddend..Iadd.13. The centrifugal pump as in claim 8 in which said bearings are tapered roller bearings. .Iaddend..Iadd.14. The centrifugal pump as in claim 10 in which said auxiliary pump comprises: a plug filling the hole in a hollow portion of the impeller shaft, remote from either end of the hollow portion;   a crosshole through impeller shaft and plug communicating at the shaft axis with a tube extending from the crosshole to just short of the blind end of the hollow portion of the impeller shaft; and   suction holes extending axially through the plug, not communicating with the crosshole, whereby hydraulic fluid will pass through said suction holes, down the tube exterior to its end, back up the tube interior, and be flung out to the exterior of the impeller shaft through the crosshole   
     
     
        when the impeller shaft is rotating. .Iaddend..Iadd.15.  The centrifugal pump as in claim 14 in which said crosshole is located between said bearings and the hydraulic motor case drain is connected to the centrifugal pump housing such that it connects directly both to one bearing and to the hollow end of said impeller shaft. .Iaddend..Iadd.16. A pump for immersion within a vessel of liquid fuel to empty the vessel, said pump being adapted to be driven by an hydraulic motor having a case drain for collecting and recirculating hydraulic oil, said pump comprising: a pump housing defining a pump flow path extending between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;   an impeller within said pump housing for pumping fluid from said inlet to said outlet;   a driven shaft carrying said impeller and adapted to be rotatably driven by an hydraulic motor;   bearing means for rotatably supporting said drive shaft within said pump housing;   seal means coacting between said drive shaft and pump housing to prevent fluid leakage between said bearing means and said pump flow path; and   circulating means for circulating hydraulic oil from the hydraulic motor case drain to said bearing means and adjacent said seal means to prevent overheating thereof. .Iaddend..Iadd.17. The pump of claim 16 wherein said impeller is a centrifugal impeller. .Iaddend..Iadd.18. The pump of claim 16 wherein said bearing means comprise angular contact bearings   
     
     
        spring-loaded against each other. .Iaddend..Iadd.19.  The pump of claim 18 wherein said angular contact bearings are tapered roller bearings. .Iaddend..Iadd.20. The pump of claim 16 wherein said seal means comprise a dynamic seal coacting between said drive shaft and said pump housing. .Iaddend..Iadd.21. The pump of claim 20 further including means defining a leakage path for draining any leakage past said dynamic seal to atmosphere, said leakage path having a cross sectional size and length to prevent sustainment of a flame front therein. .Iaddend..Iadd.22. The pump of claim 16 wherein said circulation means includes an auxiliary pump built into said drive shaft. .Iaddend..Iadd.23. A pump system, comprising: an hydraulic drive motor having means for rotatably driving a drive shaft, said hydraulic motor further including a case drain for collecting and recirculating hydraulic oil; and   an impeller unit including a pump housing defining a pump flow path extending between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, a drive shaft mounted within said pump housing and carrying an impeller for pumping fluid from said inlet to said outlet, said drive shaft being rotatably supported within said pump housing by bearing means and rotatably driven by said drive shaft, seal means coacting between said drive shaft and said bearing means to prevent fluid leakage between said bearing means and said pump flow path, and circulation means for circulating hydraulic oil from the case drain to said bearing means adjacent said seal means to prevent   
     
     
        overheating thereof. .Iaddend..Iadd.24.  The pump system of claim 23 wherein said seal means comprise a dynamic seal coacting between said drive shaft and said pump housing. .Iaddend..Iadd.25. The pump system of claim 24 further including means defining a leakage path for draining any leakage past said dynamic seal to atmosphere, said leakage path having a cross sectional size and length to prevent sustainment of a flame front therein. .Iaddend..Iadd.26. The pump system of claim 23 wherein said circulation means includes an auxiliary pump built into said drive shaft. .Iaddend.