Ultra-oriented crystalline filaments

Abstract

Ultra-oriented, crystalline synthetic filaments with high tenacity are produced by extrusion of a fiber-forming synthetic polymer melt into a liquid isothermal bath maintained at a temperature of at least 30 DEG C. above the glass transition temperature of the polymer, withdrawing the filaments from the bath and then winding up the filaments. Polymer filaments so produced are characterized in that the ratio of the crystalline orientation factor (fc) to the amorphous orientation factor (fa) is 1.2 or less, and are further characterized in that the percent crystallinity is less than 40. The filaments also have a fine crystal size. The crystal size is less than 40 ANGSTROM in the 100 and +E,ovs 1+EE 05 planes and less than 30 ANGSTROM in the 010 plane.

That which is claimed is: 
     
       1. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments having a ratio of the crystalline orientation factor (f c ) to the amorphous orientation factor (f a  ) is 1.2 or less, while f c  is 0.9 or above and a crystal size of less than 40 Å in the 100 and 105 planes and less than 30 Å in the 010 plane. 
     
     
       2. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments as set forth in claim 1 exhibiting radial uniformity of birefringence. 
     
     
       3. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments as set forth in claim 1 possessing an as-spun birefringence of 0.20-0.22. 
     
     
       4. . .Filaments.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic polymer filaments .Iaddend.according to claim 1 formed of industrial grade polyethylene terephthalate polymer and having a tenacity of 8-9 g/d, a birefringence of 0.20-0.22 and a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. 
     
     
       5. . .Filaments.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic polymer filaments .Iaddend.according to claim 1 formed of textile grade polyethylene terephthalate polymer and having a tenacity of 7-9 g/d, a birefringence of 0.20-0.22 and a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. 
     
     
       6. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments according to claim 1 formed of polyethylene terephthalate polymer and having a tenacity of 7-9 g/d, a birefringence of 0.20-0.22, and exhibiting a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. 
     
     
       7. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments according to claim 1 formed of nylon polymer and having a birefringence of 0.045-0.060 and exhibiting a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. 
     
     
       8. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments as set forth in claim 1 wherein said ratio is within the range of 1.0 to 1.15. 
     
     
       9. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments as set forth in claim 1 having a weight percent crystallinity of less than 40. 
     
     
       10. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments as set forth in claim 1 having a weight percent crystallinity of less than 25. 
     
     
       11. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments having a weight percent crystallinity of less than 40 and a crystal size of less than 40 Å in the 100 and 105 planes and less than 30 Å in the 010 plane. 
     
     
       12. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments as set forth in claim 11 in which the weight percent crystallinity is less than 25. 
     
     
       13. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments according to claim 11 formed of polyethylene terephthalate polymer and having a tenacity of 7-9 g/d, a birefringence of 0.20-0.22, and exhibiting a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. 
     
     
       14. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments according to claim 11 formed of nylon polymer and having a birefringence of 0.045-0.060 and exhibiting a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. 
     
     
       15. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments as set forth in claim 11 exhibiting radial uniformity of birefringence. 
     
     
       16. . .Thermoplastic.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic .Iaddend.polymer filaments as set forth in claim 11 possessing an as-spun birefringence of 0.20-0.22. 
     
     
       17. . .Filaments.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic polymer filaments .Iaddend.according to claim 11 formed of industrial grade polyethylene terephthalate polymer and having a tenacity of 8-9 g/d, a birefringence of 0.20-0.22 and a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. 
     
     
       18. . .Filaments.!. .Iadd.As spun thermoplastic polymer filaments .Iaddend.according to claim 11 formed of textile grade polyethylene terephthalate polymer and having a tenacity of 7-9 g/d, a birefringence of 0.20-0.22 and a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. .Iadd. 
     
     
       19.  As-spun polyethylene terephthalate polymer filaments having a birefringence of about 0.2 or greater and exhibiting a crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. .Iaddend..Iadd.20. As-spun polyethylene terephthalate polymer filaments according to claim 19 exhibiting radial uniformity of birefringence. .Iaddend..Iadd.21. As-spun polyethylene terephthalate polymer filaments according to claim 19 having a tenacity of 7-9 g/d. .Iaddend..Iadd.22. As-spun polyethylene terephthalate polymer filaments according to claim 19 having a weight percent crystallinity of less than 40. .Iaddend..Iadd.23. As-spun polyethylene terephthalate polymer filaments according to claim 22 having a weight percent crystallinity of less than 25. .Iaddend..Iadd.24. As-spun polyethylene terephthalate polymer filaments according to claim 19 having a crystal size of less than 40 Å in the 100 and 105 planes and less than 30 Å in the 010 plane. .Iaddend..Iadd.25. As-spun polyethylene terephthalate polymer filaments according to claim 19 wherein said birefringence is 0.2-0.22. .Iaddend.