Multi-mode TDI/raster-scan television camera system

Abstract

Mode selection switches (76, 96, 98) selectively interconnect a sensor line shift timing generator (76) with one of three signal sources - (1) a conventional raster scan timing signal from a raster scan sync generator (70), (2) variable speed external timing signals from a tachometer (32), and (3) fixed speed timing signals developed from the horizontal timing signals of the raster scan sync generator. In a time delay and integration mode, the sensor line shift timing generator causes the CCD arrays of an image section (22) and storage section (24) to shift pixel values down the CCD arrays at a rate commensurate with the external timing signal. As a spot of light emanating from a portion of an object moving through an examination region moves along the CCD array, a corresponding pixel charge is shifted through the CCD array at the same speed such that the same pixel charge integrates light from the same spot as it moves the entire length of the CCD array. An output register timing generator (80) generates timing signals for output registers (26) such that an output signal is produced that is compatible with EIA-170 television signal standard. In the conventional raster scan mode, the camera works as a conventional video camera. When connected to the variable frequency timing signal, the video picture scrolls down the TV monitor clocked by the tachometer in proportion to the speed of the conveyor. In the calibration mode, the image scrolls down the video screen at a fixed rate.

Having thus described the preferred embodiment, the invention is now claimed to be: 
     
       1. A multimode camera comprising: a timing generating means for producing clock signals for controlling the shifting of lines of data values along an image sensor array;   a switching means for switching one of external selectable frequency timing signals and internally generated fixed frequency timing signals from an internal sync generator means to the timing generating means; and,   a lens for focusing radiation from a region of interest on the image sensing array.   
     
     
       2. The camera as set forth in claim 1 wherein the switching means includes means for selectively connecting (1) a raster scan sync generator means into communication with a timing signal generating means such as the camera operates in a standard raster scan mode, (2) the timing generating means with an external selectable frequency timing signal input, and (3) the raster scan sync generator means with the external timing signal input to provide fixed frequency timing signals thereto. 
     
     
       3. The camera as set forth in claim 2 wherein the external timing signal input is connected with a tachometer means for generating the external timing signal in accordance with a speed at which a conveyor is moving through the region of interest. 
     
     
       4. The camera as set forth in claim 3 wherein the image sensor array includes an array of photosensitive CCD elements that discharge charge values in accordance with received light radiation, the array has a multiplicity of lines of the photosensitive elements, which lines of photosensitive elements are clocked to shift lines of the charge values along the array by the clock signals from the timing generating means. 
     
     
       5. A camera system comprising: a conveying means for conveying at least one item to be examined through an examination region;   a speed-dependent timing signal means for generating a speed-dependent timing signal that varies in accordance with a speed of the conveying means through the examination region;   a lens which focuses photons from the examination region on at least a portion of an image sensor array, which array is defined by lines and columns of photosensitive elements;   a timing generator means for controlling timing of integrating photons received at photosensitive elements of each column, the timing means being operatively connected with the speed-dependent timing signal means such that the timing means variably controls a time duration between integrations of photons along the columns in accordance with the speed-dependent timing signal such that as a given point on the conveying means moves through the examination region, the photons emanating therefrom and impinging sequentially on the photosensitive elements of the column are integrated.   
     
     
       6. The camera system as set forth in claim 5 further including a switching means for selectively switching the timing means between the speed-dependent timing signal means and a fixed frequency timing signal means. 
     
     
       7. The camera system as set forth in claim 6 further including a test chart disposed in the examination region when the switching means connects the timing means with the fixed frequency signal means, the test chart having a plurality of stripes extending parallel to a direction of conveyor means movement. 
     
     
       8. The camera system as set forth in claim 5 wherein the image sensor array is a CCD array and wherein the lens focuses light photons from a portion of an object moving through the examination region on to a progression of pixels of a column of the CCD array and wherein the timing means shifts charges along the CCD array pixels such that a charge corresponding to the examined object portion is shifted along the CCD array at the same rate that the focused light photons from the object portion moves along the CCD array. 
     
     
       9. The camera system as set forth in claim 8 further including a switching means for selectively connecting the timing means with one of the speed-dependent timing signal means and a fixed frequency source. 
     
     
       10. The camera system as set forth in claim 9 further including: a raster scan sync generator for generating internal vertical and horizontal timing signals; and,   a switching means for selectively switching the timing means among the raster scan sync generator means to operate the CCD array in a conventional raster scan mode, the speed-dependent timing signal means, and with the internal horizontal timing signal from the raster scan sync generator such that charge values are shifted along the CCD array at a corresponding constant rate.   
     
     
       11. A multimode CCD camera comprising: a CCD array having a plurality of lines of light sensitive elements for accumulating lines of pixel values each indicative of an accumulated amount of light received;   a lens means for focusing light from a region of interest on the CCD array;   a serializing means for serializing each line of pixel values from the CCD array into an output video signal;   a line shift means for shifting the lines of pixel values along the CCD array to the serializing means at a rate controlled by received timing signals;   a raster scan sync generating means for generating conventional raster scan timing signals including horizontal timing signals of a preselected frequency and vertical flyback timing signals;   a timing signal conditioning means for conditioning an externally generated timing signal of adjustable frequency for compatibility with the line shift timing means; and,   a switching means for selectively switching one of (1) the raster scan sync generating means into electrical communication with the line shift means for providing horizontal and vertical flyback timing signals thereto such that the lines, of pixel data are read from the CCD array in a conventional raster scan mode, (2) the signal conditioning means into electrical communication with an external source of adjustable frequency timing signals such that the lines of pixel data are shifted along the CCD array at a rate in accordance with the external timing signal, and (3) the signal conditioning means into electrical communication with raster scan sync generating means for receiving the horizontal timing signals therefrom such that the lines of pixel data are shifted along the CCD array at a rate fixed by the raster scan sync generating means.   
     
     
       12. A method of generating video signals, the method comprising: fixedly disposing a test chart in an examination region, the test chart having a plurality of parallel stripes;   while the test chart is in the examination region; clocking an image sensing array at a fixed rate such that lines of pixel data are shifted therealong and integrated at the fixed rate, serially reading the lines of data from the array, converting the lines into a video calibration signal,   adjusting at least one of focus, alignment, and calibration in accordance with the video calibration signal;       removing the test chart and moving a conveying means through the examination region in a direction parallel to the test chart stripes;   monitoring a speed of movement of the conveying means through the examination region and clocking the image sensing array in accordance therewith; and,   reading out the lines of data from the array and converting the lines of data into a video signal. .Iadd.13. A camera inspection system comprising:   a web conveyor for substantially continuously conveying a web through an examination region;   a speed monitor for monitoring a conveying a speed at which the web is conveyed through the examination region;   a time delay and integration camera including: an image sensor having an array of light sensitive elements,   a lens for focusing light from the examination region on the image sensor, the light from the examination region altering charge values on the photosensitive elements of the image sensor,   a timing generator for controlling shifting of the charge values along the image sensor such that the charge values represent an integration of light received at a plurality of locations as the charge values shifts along the image sensor, the timing generator being connected with the a speed monitor such that the charge values are shifted along the image sensor in accordance with movement of the web such that each charge value comes to represent an integration of light from a corresponding portion of the web as such corresponding portion of the web moves through the examination     
     
     
        region. .Iaddend..Iadd.14.  The camera inspection system as set forth in claim 13 wherein the image sensor includes a CCD array. .Iaddend..Iadd.15. A web inspection system for inspecting a web which is conveyed through an examination region, the web being conveyed substantially constantly but with variation in conveying speed, the inspection system comprising: a means for measuring a current conveying speed of the web;   a time delay and integration camera which receives light from at least a preselected portion of the examination region as the web is conveyed therethrough, the time delay and integration camera being operated in a time delay and integration mode with timing controlled by the speed monitor such that light from an incremental element of the web is integrated by the time delay and integration camera as the incremental element of the web is conveyed across the examination region. .Iaddend..Iadd.16. The web inspection system as set forth in claim 15 wherein the camera means further includes:   an array of CCD elements which carry a charge value indicative of a total amount of light received;   a means for shifting charge values along the CCD array such that at each position along the CCD array, the charge value is affected by light from a different part of the examination region;   a timing generator means connected with the charge shifting means and the web speed monitor for causing the shifting means to shift the charge values in coordination with movement of the web through the examination region such that as each charge value is stepped across the CCD array, it receives light from substantially the same incremental web element as the incremental web element is conveyed across the examination region;   a means for converting charge values which have been stepped to one end of   
     
     
        the CCD array into a video signal. .Iaddend..Iadd.17.  The web inspection system as set forth in claim 16 further including: a quality control analysis means which analyzes the video signal to detect flaws of the web and to denote the location of such flaws. .Iaddend..Iadd.18. A method of video inspection of a web moving through an examination region at a non-constant conveying speed, the method comprising:   monitoring a conveying speed of the web;   receiving light from at least a preselected portion of the examination region with a video camera operated in a time delay and integration mode;   controlling operation of the video camera such that light from an incremental element of the web is integrated as it moves across the   
     
     
        preselected portion of the examination region. .Iaddend..Iadd.19.  The method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the controlling step further includes: focusing light from the preselected portion of the examination region onto a CCD array of the video camera such that the received light alters charge values on each light receiving element of the CCD array;   stepping the charge values along the CCD array;   controlling a rate at which the charge values are stepped along the CCD array in accordance with the monitored conveying speed of the web through the examination region. .Iaddend..Iadd.20. The method as set forth in claim 17 further including:   converting the charge values that have stepped across the CCD array into an output signal;   analyzing the output signal for defects and noting a location of each defect along the web. .Iaddend.