Use of selected ester oils in drilling fluids and muds

Abstract

Invert emulsion muds for drilling of gas and oil, which are environmentally safe, and which contain: A. a continuous oil phase composed predominantly of at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of a C 2 -C 12 monofunctional alkalol wherein the monocarboxylic acid contains from 16 to 24 carbon atoms and is olefinically mono- or poly-unsaturated, B. a disperse aqueous phase, C. at least one emulsifier, D. at least one weighing agent, E. at least one fluid loss additive, and F. a mild alkaline reserve.

We claim: 
     
       1. An invert emulsion drilling mud free of mineral oil and substantially free from highly hydrophilic basic materials selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and amines selected from diethanolamine and triethanolamine, consisting essentially of A. a continuous oil phase composed predominantly of at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of a C 2  -C 12  monofunctional alcohol wherein the monocarboxylic acid contains from 16 to 24 carbon atoms and is olefinically mono- or poly-unsaturated,   B. a disperse aqueous phase,   C. at least one emulsifier,   D. at least one weighting agent,   E. a viscosifier,   F. at least one fluid loss additive, and   G. a mildly alkaline alkali reserve component consisting essentially of lime in a quantity not exceeding about 2 lb/bbl of said drilling mud.   
     
     
       2. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein the disperse aqueous phase B contains at least one of CaCl 2  or KCl as a dissolved salt. 
     
     
       3. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein from about 5 to about 45% by weight of component B is present therein. 
     
     
       4. The invert emulsion mud of claim 3 wherein from about 10 to about 25% by weight of component B is present therein. 
     
     
       5. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein component A has a Brookfield (RVT) viscosity at 0° to 5° C. of below 50 mPa.s. 
     
     
       6. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein the invert emulsion mud has a plastic viscosity (PV) in the range of from about 10 to about 60 mPa.s and a yield point (YP) in the range of from about 5 to about 40 lb/100 ft 2 , as measured at 50° C. 
     
     
       7. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein component A also contains esters of saturated monocarboxylic acids. 
     
     
       8. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein in component A the oil phase contains at least about 70% by weight of the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester. 
     
     
       9. The invert emulsion mud of claim 8 wherein about 80% by weight of the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester is present. 
     
     
       10. The invert emulsion mud of claim 8 wherein about 90% by weight of the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester is present. 
     
     
       11. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of component A has a pour point and setting point below about -10° C., and a flash point above about 100° C. 
     
     
       12. The invert emulsion mud of claim 11 wherein the pour point and setting point is below about -15° C., and the flash point is above about 160° C. 
     
     
       13. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein in component A the acid moiety of the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester contains at least about 60% by weight of monoolefinically unsaturated acids and no more than about 35% by weight di- and polyolefinically unsaturated acids. 
     
     
       14. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein in component A the acid moiety of the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester contains more than about 45% by weight of either diolefinically unsaturated acids, polyolefinically unsaturated acids, or a mixture of di- and poly-olefinically unsaturated acids. 
     
     
       15. The invert emulsion mud or claim 14 wherein said percentage is more than about 55%. 
     
     
       16. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein in component A the continuous oil phase contains no more than about 20% by weight of esters of saturated C 16  -C 18  carboxylic acids. 
     
     
       17. The invert emulsion mud of claim 16 wherein said percentage is no more than about 10% by weight. 
     
     
       18. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein in the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of component A the monocarboxylic acid is linear. 
     
     
       19. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein in the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of component A the alcohol moiety contains from 3 to 10 carbon atoms and is saturated, straight chain or branched. 
     
     
       20. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein said lime is present in an amount of from 1 to 1.8 lbs/bbl of said drilling mud. 
     
     
       21. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein said alkali reserve component includes a weakly basic metal oxide, zinc oxide, or zinc compound. . .22. The invert emulsion mud of claim 1 wherein in component A the acid moiety of the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester contains more than about 45% by weight of either diolefinically unsaturated acids, polyolefinically unsaturated acids, or a mixture of di- and poly- 
     
     
        olefinically unsaturated acids..!.23. . .A drilling fluid.!. .Iadd.An invert drilling fluid that is .Iaddend.free of mineral oil . .for use in an invert drilling mud that.!. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.is substantially free from highly hydrophilic basic materials selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and amines selected from diethanolamine and triethanolamine, .Iadd.said fluid .Iaddend.consisting of A. a continuous oil phase composed of at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of a C 2  -C 12  monofunctional alkanol wherein the monocarboxylic acid contains from 16 to 24 carbon atoms and comprises at least about 60% by weight of monoolefinically unsaturated acids and no more than about 35% by weight of di- and poly- olefinically unsaturated acids, . .and.!.   B. a disperse aqueous phase. ...!. .Iadd., and   C. a mildly alkaline alkali reserve component consisting essentially of lime in a quantity not exceeding above about 2 lb/bbl of said drilling   
     
     
        fluid. .Iaddend.24. The drilling fluid of claim 23 wherein in component A has a Brooksfield (RVT) viscosity at 0° to 5° C. of below 50 
     
     
        mPa.s. 25. The drilling fluid of claim 23 wherein in component A the oil phase contains at least about 70% by weight of the at least one 
     
     
        monocarboxylic acid ester. 26. The drilling fluid of claim 23 wherein the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of component A has a pour point and setting point below about -10° C., and a flash point above about 
     
     
        100° C. 27. The drilling fluid of claim 23 wherein in the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of component A the monocarboxylic acid is 
     
     
        linear. 28. The drilling fluid of claim 23 wherein in the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of component A the alcohol moiety contains from 
     
     
        1 to 10 carbon atoms and is saturated, straight chain or branched. 29. An invert emulsion drilling mud free of mineral oil and substantially free from highly hydrophilic basic materials selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and amines selected from diethanolamine and triethanolamine, consisting essentially of A. a continuous oil phase composed predominantly of at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of a C 2  -C 12  monofunctional alcohol wherein the monocarboxylic acid contains from 16 to 24 carbon atoms and comprises at least about 60% by weight of monoolefinically unsaturated acids and no more than about 35% by weight of di- and poly- olefinically unsaturated acids,   B. a disperse aqueous phase,   C. at least one emulsifier,   D. at least one weighting agent,   E. a viscosifier,   F. at least one fluid loss additive, and   G. a mildly alkaline alkali reserve component consisting essentially of   
     
     
        lime in a quantity not exceeding about 2 lb/bbl of said drilling mud. 30. The invert emulsion mud of claim 29 wherein from about 5 to about 45% 
     
     
        by weight of component B is present therein. 31. The invert emulsion mud of claim 30 wherein from about 10 to about 25% by weight of component B is 
     
     
        present therein. 32. The invert emulsion mud of claim 29 wherein component A has a Brookfield (RVT) viscosity at 0° to 5° C. of below 
     
     
        50 mPa.s. 33. The invert emulsion mud of claim 29 wherein the invert emulsion mud has a plastic viscosity (PV) in the range of from about 10 to about 60 mPa.s and a yield point (YP) in the range of from about 5 to 
     
     
        about 40 lb/100 ft 2 , as measured at 50° C. 34. The invert emulsion mud of claim 29 wherein in component A the oil phase contains at least about 70% by weight of the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester. 
     
     
          . The invert emulsion mud of claim 29 wherein the at least one monocarboxylic acid ester of component A has a pour point and setting point below about -10° C., and a flash point above about 
     
     
        100° C. 36. In the development of a source of oil or gas by drilling using a drilling mud, the improvement comprising pumping the 
     
     
        invert emulsion mud of claim 2 into said source. 37. In the development of a source of oil or gas by drilling using a drilling mud, the improvement comprising pumping the invert emulsion mud of claim 6 into said source. 
     
     
            In the development of a source of oil or gas by drilling using a drilling mud, the improvement comprising pumping the invert emulsion mud 
     
     
        of claim 11 into said source. 39. In the development of a source of oil or gas by drilling using a drilling mud, the improvement comprising pumping 
     
     
        the invert emulsion mud of claim 13 into said source. 40. In the development of a source of oil or gas by drilling using a drilling mud, the improvement comprising pumping the invert emulsion mud of claim 1 into 
     
     
        said source. 41. In the development of a source of oil or gas by drilling using a drilling mud, the improvement comprising pumping the invert 
     
     
        emulsion mud of claim 29 into said source. .Iadd.42.  The invert emulsion mud of claim 19 wherein the alcohol moiety is branched and the monocarboxylic acid is predominantly oleic acid. .Iaddend..Iadd.43. The invert emulsion mud of claim 42 wherein the monocarboxylic acid is derived from rape seed oil. .Iaddend.