System for managing tiled images using multiple resolutions

Abstract

An image memory management system for tiled images. The system defines an address space for a virtual memory that includes an image data cache and a disk. An image stack for each source image is stored as a full resolution image and a set of lower-resolution subimages. Each tile of an image may exist in one or more of five different states as follows: uncompressed and resident in the image data cache, compressed and resident in the image data cache, uncompressed and resident on disk, compressed and resident on disk and not loaded but re-creatable using data from higher-resolution image tiles.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An image memory management system, comprising: a computer having a processor and an image memory, the image memory comprising a main memory and a secondary memory;   an image stack, located in the image memory, comprising a plurality of similar digital images, each digital image having a plurality of pixels grouped into at least one tile, and each digital image having a resolution different from the other digital images;   means for accessing a selected one of the tiles in the image stack;   first means for transferring a selected one of the tiles from the secondary memory to the main memory when the tile is accessed by the accessing means and the tile is absent from the main memory; and   second means for transferring a selected one of the tiles from the main memory to the secondary memory when the main memory is full.   
     
     
       2. The system defined in claim 1, additionally comprising means for modifying a selected one of the tiles. 
     
     
       3. The system defined in claim 2, wherein the second transferring means only transfer tiles that have been modified by the modifying means. 
     
     
       4. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the main memory is semiconductor memory. 
     
     
       5. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the secondary memory is a magnetic disk. 
     
     
       6. The system defined in claim 1, wherein each tile is square. 
     
     
       7. The system defined in claim 1, wherein a lowest resolution digital image comprises one tile. 
     
     
       8. The system defined in claim 1, wherein a preselected digital image in the image stack is resampled to obtain another digital image in the image stack. 
     
     
       9. The system defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of the digital images is compressed. 
     
     
       10. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the accessing means is responsive to an image access operation selected by a user. 
     
     
       11. The system defined in claim 10, wherein the image access operation is zooming or panning the image. 
     
     
       12. The system defined in claim 10, wherein the image access operation is reversible. 
     
     
       13. A method of managing images in a computer .Iadd.system .Iaddend.having a processor and an image memory comprising a slower access memory and a faster access memory, comprising the steps of: creating a digital image;   resampling the digital image so as to form an image stack comprising the digital image and one or more lower resolution digital images;   dividing each image into equal sized, rectangular tiles; and   evaluating a location in the image memory of tiles in each digital image of the image stack in a given region of interest.   
     
     
       14. The method defined in claim 13, additionally comprising updating modified regions of all images when an edit operation is completed. 
     
     
       15. The method defined in claim 13, wherein the evaluating step includes the following order of decreasing availability: exists in the faster access memory in uncompressed form;   exists in the slower access memory in uncompressed form;   exists in the faster access memory in compressed form;   exists in the slower access memory in compressed form; and   must be constructed from higher resolution tiles.   
     
     
       16. The method defined in claim 13, wherein the evaluating step includes the following order of decreasing availability: exists in the faster access memory in uncompressed form;   exists in the slower access memory in uncompressed form;   exists in the slower access memory in compressed form; and   must be constructed from higher resolution tiles.   
     
     
       17. The method defined in claim 13, wherein the evaluating step includes selecting the digital image with the lowest resolution higher than a requested resolution al a given view scale. .Iadd. 
     
     
       18.  The system defined in claim 1, wherein the image memory is located in a network..Iaddend..Iadd.19. The system defined in claim 1, wherein the image memory is located in the Internet..Iaddend..Iadd.20. The system defined in claim 9, wherein the form of compression is Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)..Iaddend..Iadd.21. The method defined in claim 13, wherein at least one of the digital images is compressed..Iaddend..Iadd.22. The method defined in claim 21, wherein the form of compression is Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)..Iaddend..Iadd.23. The method defined in claim 13, wherein the computer system comprises a plurality of computers connected together in a network..Iaddend..Iadd.24. The method defined in claim 23, wherein the network comprises the Internet..Iaddend..Iadd.25. An image memory management system, comprising: a computer system having a processor, a main memory and a secondary memory;   an image stack, comprising plural digital images, each digital image divided into at least one region, at least two of said digital images having different resolutions;   a selector which selects one of said regions;   a list identifying regions in said main memory;   a sensor determining when said main memory is full;   a data exchanger responsive to said selector, said list and said sensor to move said one region from the secondary memory to the main memory when said region is selected by said selector and said list indicates that the region is absent from the main memory, and to move regions from the main memory to the secondary memory when said sensor indicates that the main memory is full..Iaddend..Iadd.26. The system defined in claim 25, wherein at least one of the digital images is compressed..Iaddend..Iadd.27. The system defined in claim 26, wherein the form of compression is Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)..Iaddend..Iadd.28. The method defined in claim 25, wherein the computer system comprises a plurality of computers connected together in a network..Iaddend..Iadd.29. The method defined in claim 28, wherein the network comprises the Internet..Iaddend..Iadd.30. A method of managing images in a computer system comprising the steps of:   resampling a digital image to form an image stack comprising plural digital images of differing resolutions, wherein each digital image is displayable independent of the other images of the image stack;   selecting an image resolution; and   selecting an image from said image stack for display, based on said selected image resolution..Iaddend..Iadd.31. The method defined in claim 30, wherein at least one of the digital images is compressed..Iaddend..Iadd.32. The method defined in claim 31, wherein the form of compression is Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)..Iaddend..Iadd.33. The method defined in claim 30, wherein the computer system comprises a plurality of computers connected together in a network..Iaddend..Iadd.34. The method defined in claim 33, wherein the network comprises the Internet..Iaddend..Iadd.35. A method of managing images in a computer system comprising the steps of:   accessing a digital image;   resampling the digital image so as to form an image stack comprising the digital image and one or more lower resolution digital images, wherein each digital image is displayable independent of the other images of the image stack; and   selecting a portion of one of the digital images in the image stack for   
     
     
        display..Iaddend..Iadd.36.  The method defined in claim 35, wherein at least one of the digital images in the image stack is compressed..Iaddend..Iadd.37. The method defined in claim 36, wherein the form of compression is Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)..Iaddend..Iadd.38. The method defined in claim 35, wherein the computer system comprises a plurality of computers connected together in a network..Iaddend..Iadd.39. The method defined in claim 38, wherein the network comprises the Internet..Iaddend.