String support for stringed instrument

Abstract

A nut (30) and/or saddle (20) supports the strings (14) of a stringed musical instrument (10) allowing essentially fully unrestricted movement of the strings, both forward and .[.background.]. .Iadd.backward .Iaddend.within the nut or saddle in order to maintain the proper pitch tuning of each string. Each string is retained at a fixed position at the nut or saddle, but allowed to move freely from these fixed positions when the strings are in motion such as when being tuned. A pair of freely-.[.rotatably.]. .Iadd.rotatable .Iaddend.ball bearings (34a and 34b) are positioned in a countersunk pocket aperture 33 in the nut housing (32) and/or saddle housing (60) and in the case of the former, are positioned immediately juxtaposed to a pressure pad (41) for dampening each string from vibration between the nut assembly and the instrument tuner mechanism. A retainer (42) retains each pair of balls (34a and 34b) in the pocket aperture (33).

I claim: 
     
       1. A string support for a string instrument having a top surface including a neck end, a fingerboard extending along said neck end, a bridge end and strings extending from a tuning mechanism on said .[.bridge.]. .Iadd.neck .Iaddend.end and along said neck end, said string support comprising: a housing extending transversely across said top surface and spaced from the tuning .[.mechanism.]. .Iadd.mechanisms.Iaddend.;   series of spaced pocket apertures in said housing;   a pair of spherical balls positioned within each of said pocket apertures;   means for journalling each pair of spherical balls in said pocket apertures such that each pair of spherical balls rotate freely within each said pocket aperture, and wherein a cuspidal groove formed between each pair of spherical balls supports a string; and   means for retaining each pair of spherical bails in a respective one of said pocket apertures.   
     
     
       2. The string support as set forth in claim 1 further comprising means in said pocket apertures for controlling the depth to which each pair of said spherical balls are journalled in each of said pocket apertures such that the height of a string above said fingerboard is fixed. 
     
     
       3. The string support as set forth in claim 2 in which said fingerboard is cambered and each pair of spherical balls are at various offset heights in various ones of said pocket apertures such that a fixed distance is provided between each spring and the cambered fingerboard. 
     
     
       4. The string support as set forth in claim 1 wherein said housing includes a pair of transverse edge grooves aligned with each cuspidal groove, each of said edge grooves have a width greater than the diameter of an associated string. 
     
     
       5. The string support as set forth in claim 1 wherein said string support is a nut, further including a countersunk step in said housing juxtaposed to and aligned with each of said pocket apertures; and a vibration dampening pad in each of said steps such that each of the strings rests on a corresponding one of said pads to dampen vibration of the spring between the cuspidal groove and the tuning mechanism. 
     
     
       6. The string support as set forth in claim 5 in which each of said steps are crescent-shape and extend under and in contact with a corresponding string adjacent the point of entry of the corresponding string from the tuning mechanism-into the cuspidal groove. 
     
     
       7. The string support as set forth in claim 1 wherein the means for journalling comprises dual-ball bearing race surfaces at the sides of each pocket aperture encompassing a portion of each of said pair of spherical balls. 
     
     
       8. The string support as set forth in claim 1 wherein the means for retaining comprises a retaining clip mountable on a side exterior edge of said housing. 
     
     
       9. The string support as set forth in claim 8 wherein the retaining clip is C-shaped in cross-section and includes tab extensions extending over said housing for retaining the pairs of said spherical balls. 
     
     
       10. The string support as set forth in claim 1 wherein said string support is a bridge saddle at said bridge end, said housing being fixed on said bridge end. 
     
     
       11. The string support as set forth in claim 1 wherein said string support is a string nut, said string nut being fixed on said neck end. 
     
     
       12. The string support as set forth in claim 11 wherein a second string support, including others of said pocket apertures and others of said pairs of spherical balls are provided as a bridge saddle on said bridge end. .Iadd. 
     
     
       13.  A string support for a stringed instrument having a top surface including a neck end, a fingerboard extending along said neck end, a bridge end and strings extending from a tuning mechanism on said neck end and along said neck end to said bridge end, said string support comprising: a housing extending transversely of said top surface and spaced from the tuning mechanism;   a pocket aperture in said housing;   a pair of spherical balls positioned within the pocket aperture;   means for journalling the pair of spherical balls in said pocket aperture such that the pair of spherical balls frictionally rotate within the pocket aperture, and wherein a cuspidal groove formed between the pair of spherical balls supports a string; and   means for retaining the pair of spherical balls in the pocket aperture. .Iaddend..Iadd.14. A string support according to claim 13, wherein the housing is provided with a series of spaced pocket apertures, a pair of spherical balls being positioned within each pocket aperture. .Iaddend..Iadd.15. The string support as set forth in claim 14 wherein said string support is a string nut, said string nut being fixed on said neck end. .Iaddend..Iadd.16. The string support as set forth in claim 13 wherein said string support is a bridge saddle at said bridge end, said housing being fixed on said bridge end. .Iaddend..Iadd.17. A string support for use in a stringed musical instrument including a plurality of strings comprising:   a first spherical ball member for engaging a first location on a first surface of a string;   a second spherical ball member for engaging a second location on a second surface of the string, said string engaging said first and second spherical members in a cuspidal groove between said first and second spherical ball members; and   means for supporting said first and second spherical ball members. .Iaddend..Iadd.18. A stringed support as set forth in claim 17 wherein said means for supporting includes means for frictionally rotating said first and second spherical ball members. .Iaddend..Iadd.19. A string support as set forth in claim 18 wherein said means for frictionally rotating is operable by an axial movement of said string. .Iaddend.