Evacuation apparatus and evacuation method

Abstract

An evacuation apparatus and method using a turbomolecular pump having a rotor provided with a plurality of rotor blades and a spacer provided with a plurality of stator blades so that gas molecules are sucked in from a suction port, compressed and discharged from an exhaust port of the turbomolecular pump is disclosed. A heat exchanger is provided at the suction port side of the turbomolecular pump to freeze-trap gas molecules from being cooled by a helium refrigerator. The gate valve is disposed upstream of the heat exchanger and is provided in a suction pipe which extends between the vacuum vessel and the turbomolecular pump. In exhausting the vacuum vessel, the gate valve is opened and, in this state, the turbomolecular pump and the helium refrigerator are run. During regeneration, the gate valve is closed, the turbomolecular pump is run, and the heat exchanger is heated by means of a heater or by operation of the helium refrigator being suspended, thereby sublimating molecules freeze-trapped in the heat exchanger.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An evacuation apparatus operatively connectable to a vacuum vessel to be evacuated, said apparatus comprising: a turbomolecular pump having a rotor provided with a plurality of rotor blades and a spacer provided with a plurality of stator blades, said turbomolecular pump operating so that gas molecules are sucked in from a suction port, compressed and discharged from an exhaust port;   a heat exchanger operatively connected to said suction port of said turbomolecular pump for freeze-trapping gas molecules in said heat exchanger;   a helium refrigerator connected to said heat exchanger for cooling said heat exchanger to a temperature of -100° C.;   a gate valve operatively connected at an upstream side of said heat exchanger for controlling inflow of the gas molecules from said vacuum vessel into said heat exchanger.   
     
     
       2. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 1, wherein the suction port of said turbomolecular pump is connected to the vacuum vessel to be evacuated through a suction pipe, and said heat exchanger is located in said suction pipe.   
     
     
       3. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 2, wherein said gate valve is disposed in said suction pipe on the upper stream side of said heat exchanger. 
     
     
       4. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 3, wherein said helium refrigerator is horizontally or vertically supported on a housing of said suction pipe, and said heat exchanger is connected to a distal end of a cold head of said helium refrigerator. 
     
     
       5. An evacuation apparatus claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said heat exchanger comprises a plurality of cylindrical heat transfer members concentrically disposed and connected to each other by a plurality of radial heat transfer plates, said heat transfer members and heat transfer plates being disposed parallel to a flow of the gas molecules sucked in by said turbomolecular pump.   
     
     
       6. An evacuation apparatus claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said helium refrigerator is a single-stage GM cycle helium refrigerator. 
     
     
       7. An evacuation method for a vacuum vessel which has a heat exchanger that is disposed between said vacuum vessel and a suction port of a turbomolecular pump to freeze-trap gas molecules by being cooled by a helium refrigerator connected to said heat exchanger, and a gate valve that is disposed upstream of said heat exchanger and provided in a suction pipe which extends between said vacuum vessel and said suction port of said turbomolecular pump, said method comprising: exhausting said vacuum vessel by opening said gate valve, and operating said turbomolecular pump and said helium refrigerator; and   regenerating said heat exchanger by closing said gate valve, and heating said heat exchanger through the use of a heater or the suspension of operation of said helium refrigerator such that gas molecules freeze-trapped in said heat exchanger are sublimated.   
     
     
       8. An evacuation method claimed in claim 7, wherein during said regenerating, said turbomolecular pump is not operated and a roughing pump provided on an exhaust port side of said turbomolecular pump is operated. .Iadd.   
     
     
       9.  An evacuation apparatus operatively connectable to a vacuum vessel to be evacuated, said apparatus comprising: a turbomolecular pump having a rotor provided with a plurality of rotor blades and a spacer provided with a plurality of stator blades, said turbomolecular pump operating so that gas molecules are sucked in from a suction port, compressed and discharged from an exhaust port;   a heat exchanger operatively connected to said suction port of said turbomolecular pump for freeze-trapping gas molecules thereon;   a helium refrigerator connected to said heat exchanger for cooling said heat exchanger to a temperature of -100° C. to -200° C.;   a gate valve operatively connected at an upstream side of said heat exchanger for controlling inflow of the gas molecules from said vacuum vessel into said heat exchanger. .Iaddend..Iadd.   
     
     
       10.  An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 9, wherein the suction port of said turbomolecular pump is connected to the vacuum vessel to be evacuated through a suction pipe, and said heat exchanger is located in said suction pipe. .Iaddend..Iadd.11. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 10, wherein said gate valve is disposed in said suction pipe on the upper stream side of said heat exchanger. .Iaddend..Iadd.12. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 11, wherein said helium refrigerator is horizontally or vertically supported on a housing of said suction pipe, and said heat exchanger is connected to a distal end of a cold head of said helium refrigerator. .Iaddend..Iadd.13. An evacuation apparatus claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein said heat exchanger comprises a plurality of cylindrical heat transfer members concentrically disposed and connected to each other by a plurality of radial heat transfer plates, said heat transfer members and heat transfer plates being disposed parallel to a flow of the gas molecules sucked in by said 
     
     
        turbomolecular pump. .Iaddend..Iadd.14.  An evacuation apparatus claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein said helium refrigerator is a single-stage GM cycle helium refrigerator. .Iaddend..Iadd.15. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 9, wherein said heat exchanger is disposed so as to minimize flow resistance to the gas molecules. .Iaddend..Iadd.16. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 9, wherein said heat exchanger includes a substantially cylindrical heat transfer member. .Iaddend..Iadd.17. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 9, wherein substantially all heat exchange surfaces of said heat exchanger are substantially parallel to the flow of gas molecules. .Iaddend..Iadd.18. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 9 further including a suction pipe directly coupled to said suction port of said turbomolecular pump, said heat exchanger mounted within said suction pipe. .Iaddend..Iadd.19. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 9 further including a suction pipe within which is mounted said heat exchanger, said suction pipe being axially aligned with said turbomolecular pump. 
     
     
        .Iaddend..Iadd.20.  An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 9, wherein said refrigerator includes a cold head in thermal contact with said heat exchanger. .Iaddend..Iadd.21. An evacuation apparatus claimed in claim 9 further including a heater for heating said heat exchanger. .Iaddend..Iadd.22. An evacuation apparatus claimed in any one of claims 15 to 21, wherein said helium refrigerator is a single-stage GM cycle helium refrigerator. .Iaddend..Iadd.23. A trap for use in an evacuation apparatus, the evacuation apparatus including a vacuum vessel and a turbomolecular pump, the trap provided between the vacuum vessel and the turbomolecular pump, the trap comprising: a heat exchanger for freeze-trapping gas molecules; and   a helium refrigerator thermally connected to the heat exchanger for cooling said heat exchanger to a temperature of -100° C. to -200° C.   
     
     
        .Iaddend..Iadd.24.  A trap for freeze-trapping gas molecules in an evacuation apparatus, the trap comprising: a single-stage helium refrigerator; and   a heat exchanger all surfaces of which being exposed for freeze-trapping gas molecules, said heat exchanger thermally connected to said refrigerator to cool said surfaces to -100° C. to -200° C. .Iaddend..Iadd.25. A trap for freeze-trapping gas molecules, comprising:   a single-stage helium refrigerator; and   a heat exchanger including a cold surface for freeze-trapping gas molecules, said cold surface being disposed to substantially minimize flow resistance to gas molecules, said heat exchanger thermally connected to said refrigerator to cool said cold surface to -100° C. to -200° C. .Iaddend..Iadd.26. A trap of claim 25, wherein   said cold surface is for selectively freeze-trapping water molecules and is aligned parallel to the direction of gas flow. .Iaddend..Iadd.27. A method for freeze-trapping gas molecules in a process for evacuating a vacuum vessel, the method comprising:   contacting a heat exchanger with gas molecules wherein all surfaces of said heat exchanger are exposed for freeze-trapping gas molecules; and   cooling the heat exchanger to a temperature of -100° C. to -200° C. using a helium refrigerator so as to freeze-trap gas   
     
     
        molecules. .Iaddend..Iadd.28.  A method for freeze-trapping gas molecules in a process for evacuating a vacuum vessel, the method comprising:   contacting a heat exchanger with gas molecules, said heat exchanger disposed so as to substantially minimize flow resistance to gas molecules; and   cooling the heat exchanger to a temperature of -100° C. to -200° C. using a helium refrigerator so as to freeze-trap gas molecules. .Iaddend..Iadd.29. An evacuation apparatus comprising:   a turbomolecular pump;   a heat exchanger operatively connected to a suction port of said turbomolecular pump, all surfaces of said heat exchanger being exposed for freeze-trapping gas molecules; and   a helium refrigerator connected to said heat exchanger for cooling said heat exchanger to a temperature of -100° C. to -200° C. .Iaddend..Iadd.30. An evacuation apparatus comprising:   a turbomolecular pump;   a heat exchanger operatively connected to a suction port of said turbomolecular pump, said heat exchanger disposed to substantially minimize flow resistance to gas molecules; and   a helium refrigerator connected to said heat exchanger for cooling said heat exchanger to a temperature of -100° C. to -200° C. .Iaddend.