Process for the manufacture of 2,5-dihydrofurans from γ,δ-epoxybutenes

Abstract

Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofurans by the homogeneous, liquid phase isomerization of γ,δ-epoxyalkene compounds wherein a γ,δ-epoxyalkene compound is isomerized in an inert, organic solvent containing a catalytic amount of a soluble copper salt. The process is particularly useful for the conversion of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene to 2,5-dihydrofuran.

I claim: 
     
       1. Process for the preparation of a 2,5-dihydrofuran compound which comprises contacting at elevated temperature a γ,δ-epoxyalkene compound with a catalytic amount of a .[.copper salt.]. .Iadd.catalyst .Iaddend.dissolved in an inert, organic solvent.Iadd., wherein said catalyst consists essentially of a copper salt.Iaddend.. 
     
     
       2. Process according to claim 1 wherein the elevated temperature is in the range of about 110° to 220° C. the 2,5-dihydrofuran compound has the formula ##STR3## and the γ,δ-epoxyalkene compound has the formula ##STR4## wherein each R 1  is independently selected from hydrogen and methyl or 2 R 1  substituents collectively may represent an alkylene radical which with the carbon atoms to which they are attached forms a cycloalkene group having about 5 to 8 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       3. Process according to claim 2 wherein the copper salts is selected from the chlorides and bromides of copper (I) and copper (II). 
     
     
       4. Process for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofuran which comprises contacting 3,4-epoxy-1-butene at a temperature of about 110° to 220° C. with a catalytic amount of a copper (I) chloride or bromide dissolved in an inert, organic solvent. 
     
     
       5. Process according to claim 4 wherein the process is carried out in the presence of an organophosphite ligand selected from trialkylphosphites, tricycloalkylphosphites and triarylphosphites wherein the alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl groups contain 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and the aryl groups contain 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and the inert, organic solvent is selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons containing from 6 to about 18 carbon atoms; N,N-disubstituted carboxylic acid amides containing a total of 3 to 8 carbon atoms; and aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic nitriles containing up to about 10 carbon atoms. 
     
     
       6. Process for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofuran which comprises contacting 3,4-epoxy-1-butene at a temperature of about 110° to 220° C. with a catalytic amount of a copper(I) chloride or bromide dissolved in an inert, organic solvent selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic nitriles containing up to about 10 carbon atoms; in the presence of a an organophosphite ligand selected from trialkylphosphites, tricycloalkylphosphites and triarylphosphites wherein the alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl groups contain 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and the aryl groups contain 6 to 10 carbon atoms wherein the molar ratio of the ligand to copper(I) chloride or bromide is about 0.1:1 to 4:1. 
     
     
       7. Process according to claim 6 for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofuran which comprises contacting 3,4-epoxy-1-butene at a temperature of about 150° to 200° C. with a catalytic amount of cuprous chloride dissolved in an inert, organic solvent selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic nitriles containing up to about 10 carbon atoms; in the presence of a an organophosphite ligand selected from trialkylphosphites, tricycloalkylphosphites and triarylphosphites wherein the alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl groups contain 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and the aryl groups contain 6 to 10 carbon atoms wherein the molar ratio of the ligand to copper(I) chloride or bromide is about 0.5:1 to 2:1. 
     
     
       8. Process according to claim 7 wherein the inert, organic solvent is benzonitrile and the organophosphite ligand is triphenylphosphite. .Iadd. 
     
     
       9.  Process according to claim 1 wherein said copper salt is copper (I) chloride. .Iaddend..Iadd.10. Process for the preparation of a 2,5-dihydrofuran compound which comprises contacting at elevated temperature a γ,δ-epoxyalkene compound with a catalyst dissolved in an inert, organic solvent, wherein said catalyst consists of a copper (I) salt. .Iaddend..Iadd.11. Process according to claim 10 wherein said catalyst is copper (I) chloride. .Iaddend.